Government POLS 101 - Exam II

General Review

• Which Constitutional Amendment deals with due process?

  • VI (six)

    • Due Process for criminal cases, specifically speedy trial, witnesses, and the right of counsel

• Which Constitutional Amendment deals with cruel and unusual punishment?

  • VII (seven)

• When people become politically engaged and make personal, political, opinions about issues, they are experiencing _________?

  • political socialization

• The method of appealing to the better nature of people to get your point across is called _______________?

  • moral suasion

• Almost everyone you meet operates on ___________.

  • emotion

• What are the avenues for the public to dictate policy? (the in-bold terms are the three mechanisms necessary)

  • Know what issues they want addressed

  • Effectively communicate their desires

  • Gain attention from those in power

  • Traditional Participation

  • Civic Voluntarism

  • Direct Action

• The three types of samples are random, sampling frame, and ______ sample.

  • Refined

• Many Americans will donate time or money for political or social causes. This action is known as _________.

  • Civic Voluntarism

• Which Constitutional Amendment guarantees a speedy trial?

  • VI (six)

• News that is purposefully untrue is classified as?

  • Fake News

• The act of slanting a particular way for a desired result is called?

  • Framing

• Influencing the perception of a news story or event is called:

  • Priming

• The ________ is a modern invention which has revolutionized news, opinion, and politics.

  • Internet

• Which Constitutional Amendment ended slavery?

  • XIII (13)

• What are the three specific functions of the media?

  • Inform

  • Observe

  • Shape Political Agendas

• Which Constitutional Amendment ended Prohibition?

  • XXI (21)

• Someone who currently holds an office, and is running for that office in the next election, is called a/an ___________:

  • Incumbent

• To run for President, what are the two qualifications?

  • Natural born citizen in the United States

  • Age: 35

• Which Constitutional Amendment gave women the right to vote?

  • XIX (19)

• In the U.S., elections which are held every two years, between Presidential election cycles, are known as the ______________?

  • Midterm Elections

• What are the four steps to run for Congress?

  • Money

  • Team

  • Strategy

  • Message

• What is media?

  • the multiple ways that people obtain information about politics and the world.

Essay Questions (should be a page in total)

• List and describe the mechanisms needed for the public to dictate policy:

  • Traditional Participation

    • Examples would be:

      • Voting

      • Encouraging Others to Vote

      • Campaigning for a particular candidate

  • Civic Voluntarism

    • Examples would be:

      • Donating resources, such as time to a campaign

      • Donating resources, like money to a campaign

  • Direct Action

    • Examples would be:

      • Marches

      • Riots

      • Protests

  • Knowing what they want

    • Examples would be:

      • Being politically informed

      • Informed on current news, even at local levels such as school board issues

  • Communicate what they want

    • Examples would be:

      • Calling/Mailing local representatives on issues

      • Speaking at public forums

  • Those in power must hear them

    • Examples would be:

      • Drawing attention through large organized protest

      • Utilizing large channels, such as social media to communicate the issue to those in power

• What are the functions of the media today?

  • Information

    • Providing facts about the government and current events daily

  • Observe

    • Watch and hold the government accountable

    • Inform citizens of the government’s mistakes and errors

  • Shape Political Agendas

    • Provide Info on Political Campaigns

    • Support and provide information on political platforms

• What are the necessary steps for Congress?

  • Money

    • it is expensive to run, money comes from donations and organizations

  • Team

    • candidate centered elections, civic volunteers, road signs

  • Strategy

    • connecting personally with voters, they are better than the opposition, meeting the issues of voting blocks

  • Message

    • What are they running for?

    • How will they keep the promises of their agenda?

• At founding, what were the primary differences between the Republican and Democratic party?

  • Slavery

    • Democrats were pro-slavery, citing the enslaved individuals were property

    • Republicans were anti-slavery, many were abolitionists and viewed slavery as infringing on human rights

  • Civil War

    • Democrats were pro-separating and forming the Confederate States of America, leaving the abolitionist states

    • Republicans were con civil war/pro-union, wanting the southern/Democrat states to remain with the United States of America

  • Jim Crow Laws

    • Democrats were mainly pro-Jim Crow laws and segregation, many being Ku Klux Klan members

    • Republicans were divided, some were also pro-Jim Crow laws and segregation, while some were KKK members

  • At their founding, both parties were racist in nature

Additional Constitutional Amendments

• Which Constitutional Amendment ensures state rights?

  • Amendment X

• Which Constitutional Amendment founds the process of elections?

  • Amendment XII

• Which Constitutional Amendment ensures birthright citizenship?

  • Amendment XIV (Section 1)

• Which Constitutional Amendment introduced Prohibition?

  • Amendment XVII

• Which Constitutional Amendment introduced the Vice President taking over and etc. (after the Kennedy assassination)?

  • Amendment XXV

• Which Constitutional Amendment states no President can be elected more than twice?

  • Amendment XXII

• Which Constitutional Amendment covers small claims courts?

  • Amendment VII

    • 50 states have a $10,000 limit for small claims, $5,000 for businesses, and $6,500 for individuals

• Which Constitutional Amendment allows for revisions?

  • Amendment IX

• What Constitutional Amendment allows individuals to bring legal action against states?

  • Amendment XI

• What Constitutional Amendment was passed to prevent another civil war/address fears after the civil war?

  • Amendment XIV

• Which Constitutional Amendment was the first to grant Congress the right to enforce a law?

  • Amendment XIII

• Which Constitutional Amendment granted the power of taxes (income tax, IRS)?

  • Amendment XVI

• Which Constitutional Amendment changes the Senate to be elected by the people?

  • Amendment XVII

• Which Constitutional Amendment gave the District of Columbia representation?

  • Amendment XXIII

• Which Constitutional Amendment gives the right to vote for 18 year olds?

  • Amendment XXVI