MF

Ophthalmological Diseases Summary

Ophthalmological Diseases

Key Disease Categories

  • Diseases of Accessory Structures:

    • Conjunctivitis

    • Epiphora

    • Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)

    • Cherry Eye

  • Diseases Within the Globe:

    • Corneal Ulcers

    • Cataracts

    • Glaucoma

    • Uveitis

    • Trauma

  • Diseases Involving Retina:

    • Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

Conjunctivitis

  • Clinical Signs: Redness, Chemosis, Ocular Discharge (Purulent, Serous)

  • Causes: Bacteria, Immune disease, Viruses

  • Diagnosis: R/O ulceration, complete PE, consider Schirmer tear test

  • Treatment:

    • Bacterial: Triple antibiotics, Tobramycin

    • Viral: Idoxuridine

    • Topical antibiotic ointments or drops required frequently

Epiphora

  • Definition: Overflow of tears

Eyelid Diseases

  • Hordeolum: Abscess of sebaceous glands

  • Chalazion: Abscess of meibomian glands

  • Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelid

  • Treatment: Flush ducts, topical antibiotics, surgery if necessary

Entropion and Ectropion

  • Entropion: Eyelids roll in, causing discomfort

  • Ectropion: Eyelids roll out, usually asymptomatic

Cherry Eye

  • Hypertrophy of third eyelid gland

  • Clinical signs: Swelling, epiphora

  • Treatment: Ointments initially, surgery recommended

Glaucoma

  • Definition: Increase in Intraocular Pressure (IOP)

  • Clinical Signs: Red eye, pain, hazy cornea

  • Diagnosis: Schiotz tonometer, IOP > 30 indicative

Corneal Ulcers

  • Types: Superficial vs. Deep

  • Causes: Trauma, chemicals, foreign bodies, KCS

  • Clinical Signs: Pain, redness, epiphora, blepharospasm

  • Treatment: Antibiotic ointment or drops, avoid steroids

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye)

  • Tear film layers: Lipid, Aqueous, Mucous

  • Clinical signs: Red eye, thick discharge, recurrent issues

  • Diagnosis: Schirmer Tear Test < 15 mm/min

  • Treatment: Cyclosporin 2%, Tacrolimus, Artificial tears

Pannus

  • Superficial corneal vascularization, often in German shepherds

  • Requires corneal scraping and cytology for diagnosis

  • Treatment: Anti-inflammatory medication, Cyclosporine

Cataracts

  • Opacity of lens affecting vision

  • Different from lenticular sclerosis; must differentiate

Uveitis

  • Affects iris, ciliary body, choroid

  • Causes: Trauma, infections, foreign bodies

  • Clinical Signs: Blepharospasm, photophobia, corneal changes

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

  • Hereditary condition leading to night blindness

  • Diagnosis via complete retinal examination

Prolapsed Eye

  • Common in Pekingese, Shih Tzus, Pugs

  • Treatment may involve replacement or enucleation if beyond repair