Untitled Flashcards Sethbbejbejeej

Peacemaking

(+/-)

Terr.

Political 

(s term / lt erm)

Economic

Social

Women 

(role + status)

Effects of War

(1917-23 )

Area

Affects of WW1 (10917-23

Peacemaking (+/-)

• Positive:

  • The Treaty of Versailles (1919) officially ended World War I.

  • The League of Nations was established to prevent future conflicts.

• Negative:

  • Harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles, particularly for Germany, led to resentment.

  • Reparations and territorial losses weakened Germany and caused long-term instability.

  • The treaty failed to create lasting peace, contributing to tensions that led to World War II.

Territorial

Germany: Lost key industrial territories, including:

• Alsace-Lorraine (returned to France).

• Saar Basin (under League of Nations control, with profits going to France).

• West Prussia and Posen (given to Poland, forming the Polish Corridor).

• Silesia (split between Germany and Poland).

• Ruhr occupation (1923): France took control to enforce reparation payments.

Austria-Hungary: Empire dissolved into smaller nations (Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia).

Ottoman Empire: Lost Middle Eastern territories, which became British and French mandates (e.g., Palestine, Syria, Iraq).

Political (short / long term)

Short Term:

• Germany: Weimar Republic faced instability, hyperinflation, and public dissatisfaction.

• France and Britain: Struggled with war debts and economic recovery.

• Russia: Bolshevik Revolution (1917) led to the establishment of a communist state.

• Italy: Felt betrayed by the Treaty of Versailles, leading to political unrest (rise of fascism).

Long Term:

• Germany: Growing nationalist movements (Nazism) fueled by economic hardship and resentment over the Treaty of Versailles.

• Europe: Rise of authoritarian regimes due to dissatisfaction with the post-war settlement.

Economic

Germany:

• Bankruptcy: Spent all its gold reserves during the war.

• Reparations: Forced to pay hefty reparations, leading to economic collapse.

• Ruhr Occupation (1923): Further economic devastation, leading to hyperinflation.

• Dawes Plan (1924): Temporary economic relief, allowing reparations to be restructured.

Britain and France:

• War debts: Owed large sums to the USA.

• Unemployment and economic downturn: Struggled with post-war reconstruction.

USA:

• Became the world's leading economic power.

• Benefited from loans and investments in Europe.

Social

Germany:

• Rising poverty, unemployment, and starvation due to economic collapse.

• Increased resentment towards foreign powers, particularly France.

France and Britain:

• High casualties led to a "lost generation," impacting workforce and demographics.

• Social unrest due to economic struggles.

Russia:

• Civil War (1917-1922) led to mass casualties and famine.

• Rise of the Soviet Union and communist ideology.

Women’s role & status

Increased Workforce Participation:

• Women took on jobs traditionally held by men during the war.

• After the war, some retained employment, but many were expected to return to domestic roles.

Political Rights:

• Britain (1918): Women over 30 gained voting rights (full suffrage in 1928).

• Germany (1919): Women gained voting rights under the Weimar Constitution.

• USA (1920): 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote.

Social Changes:

• More women pursued higher education and professional careers.

• Women’s independence and role in society expanded, though traditional gender roles persisted.