03_Struktur_geomorfologija

Course Introduction

• Course Title: STRUKTŪRĢEOMORFOLOĢIJA IEVADS

• Lecture: 3rd Lecture

• Instructors: Kristaps Lamsters, Vitālijs Zelčs

• Department: LU ĢZZF Ģeogrāfijas nodaļa, Ģeomorfoloģijas un Ģeomātikas katedra

• Contact Email: kristaps.lamsters@lu.lv

• Image: Half Dome, Yosemite National Park, California

Ģeomorfoloģija in Film

• Reference to the film The Ballad of Buster Scruggs by Coen Brothers featuring geomorphological themes through the song "Cool Clear Water."

Practical Assignment

1. Task: Identify a film or music video segment showcasing a geomorphological area, set of landforms, or unique landform.

2. Description Requirements:

   • Provide a short description of the filming location's geomorphology, including types of landforms present, their genesis, and formation processes.

   • Submission Deadline: 2 weeks from assignment date, by February 28.

Content Overview

Introduction to Relief Form Classification

1. Morfostrukturālais reljefs

2. Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Processes in Relief Formation

3. Interaction of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors

   • 3.1 Interaction Factors

   • 3.2 Development Stages of Relief

   • 3.3 Planation Surfaces

4. Inner Structure of the Earth and Lithosphere Circulation

   • 4.1 Inner Structure of the Earth

   • 4.2 Planetary Circulation of the Lithosphere

   • 4.3 Types of Lithospheric Plate Boundaries

   • 4.4 Hot Spots

5. Lithospheric Plates

   • 5.1 Types of Lithosphere

   • 5.2 Relation of Lithosphere Types with Planetary Landforms

   • 5.3 Geological Structure Principles of Lithospheric Plates

   • 5.4 Geological Structure and Age of Rocks in Lithospheric Plates

6. Planetary Landforms

Literature References

• Key literature includes works by Douglas W. Burbank, Robert S. Anderson, David A. Yuen, and others in tectonic geomorphology.

Principal Classification of Relief

• Tectonic Processes and Their Impact on Relief:

  • Magma Rocks

  • Tectonic Relief, Structural Relief, Erosion Relief, and Accumulation Relief

  • Influences of physical, chemical, and biological factors on rock weathering and disintegration.

  • Mechanisms of erosion and deposition by water, ice, and gravity.

Structural Relief

• Study of Endogenous Processes: Focus on structural geomorphology, which examines landforms created by geological structures.

• Importance of endogenous processes such as tectonic activity and volcanism in landform emergence.

Interaction of Endogenous and Exogenous Processes

• Key Roles: Endogenous processes shape the surface of the Earth and impact landform articulation.

  • Planets of Relief: Description of various forms such as gigaforms, megaforms, macroforms, and microforms.

Main Conclusions

• Endogenous processes contribute to the Earth's surface morphology while exogenous processes lead to articulation of planetary landforms.

Examples of Tectonic Landforms

• Þingvellir, Iceland: Notable rift with historical significance, showcasing the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates.

• Unique geological features resulting from rifting and its historical evolution.

Structural Landforms Examples

• Anticlinal Ridge in Iran: Method of formation and geological significance.

• Hoodoo formations in Zagros Mountains: Protected by hard rock.

Interaction of Relief Factors

• Davis' Cycle of Erosion: Early theory on landscape evolution, outlining stages of youth, maturity, and old age of relief forms, emphasizing geological structure’s control over landscape processes.

Planation Processes and Surfaces

• Pediments: Features formed by denudation processes, found in regions like the Appalachians and the Great Basin.

• Pediplains and Peneplains: Different stages of flat land formation described with their geographic examples.

Earth's Internal Structure

• Classification by Composition: Overview of Earth’s layers including crust, mantle, and core.

• Physical Properties: Layer characteristics in terms of temperature and mechanical behavior described in detail.

Lithospheric Circulation and Tectonics

• Plate Movement Processes: Overview of lithospheric plates and their boundaries, including divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.

• The movement of these plates leads to the formation of various geological structures and phenomena.

Conclusion

• Overview of the impact of geological processes and lithospheric dynamics on current and future planetary landforms, highlighting the connection between tectonics, geomorphology, and geological evolution.