A.P REVIEWER

➤ Sultan Ali Saifuddien III - The 28th Sultan of Brunei, known for promoting modern development in the country and for his important role in Brunei's independence. He is considered the architect of modern Brunei.

➤ Sultan Abdul Aziz - Possibly referring to Sultan Abdul Aziz from various histories, but in the context of Brunei, it may be Sultan Abdul Aziz (the 17th Sultan of Brunei, 1735-1740).

➤ Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah - The current Sultan of Brunei (since 1967), one of the longest-reigning monarchs in the world. He is known for promoting Bruneian culture, promoting Islam, and developing the economy.

➤ Al-Wahid - This means "The One" in Arabic, one of the 99 names of Allah. When used in the context of a leader, it may be symbolic rather than referring to a specific person.

➤ U NU - He was the first Prime Minister of Myanmar after its independence from the British in 1948.

➤ Saya San - A prominent leader and national hero of Myanmar (formerly Burma) who led a major revolution against the British in the 1930s, known as the Saya San Rebellion or Saya San Uprising

➤ Actions Taken by Myanmar Heroes - Saya San led a series of rebellions against the British from 1930-1932.

➤ Aung San - A prominent leader from Burma (now Myanmar) and is considered the father of the country's independence. He was a military and political leader who was primarily responsible for the fight against colonialism and for establishing Burma's independence from the British Empire.

➤ Pathet Lao - This is the communist party of established in Laos with the help of Vietnam in 1950.

➤ Kaysone Phomvihane - who became the First President of Laos and one of the main founders of the Communist government.

➤ Pol Pot - Under his rule, the institutions of the republic were abolished and a communist government was established in Cambodia.

➤ Lee Kuan Yew - He became the leader of Singapore who gave equal rights to its citizens, whether Malay or Chinese.

➤ East Timor - Called the youngest state in the Southeast Asian region because it gained independence only in the 21st century.

➤ Writ of Habeas Corpus - This is the right of anyone arrested to undergo due process of law before being given a proper verdict by a court. This right was suspended during martial law.

➤ Khmer Rouge - The Communist Party of Kampuchea, This is the group that founded Democratic Kampuchea and implemented a brutal communist regime in Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, under the leadership of Pol Pot.

➤ Transparency - The openness of government representatives to the people in all transactions and decisions they make.

➤ Check and Balance - This is the system that ensures that no one has absolute power in decisions, the role of each branch is clear, and there is cooperation among branches in fulfilling their roles.

➤ Benevolent Assimilation - A United States policy implemented in the Philippines that proves to be the beginning of neocolonial characteristics in education in the country.

➤ Neocolonialism - This can be considered a modern method of colonialism through influence or control in political, economic, and cultural aspects.

➤ Foreign Loan - This is the method of any loan lent by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank or the United States with permanent agreements or conditions.

➤ Covert Action - Refers to the activities of neocolonialist countries to disrupt a government of a country or overthrow it completely because it cannot be obeyed peacefully.

➤ Elite Democracy - A model of democracy in which only a small group of people, usually from the wealthy or educated, rule.

➤ Guided Democracy A government established by Sukarno in Indonesia.

➤ Politburo - The highest leadership in the country of Laos during the communist era.

➤ Soviet Union (Soviet Union) - The country in Europe that became a model for countries that established communist governments.

➤ Sarekat Islam - Its goal is to achieve peace and economic reform

➤ Anti-Facist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) - The party that has dominated parliament since Myanmar gained independence in 1948-1958.

➤ Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) - The official name of the country of Laos since its establishment in 1975.

➤ Burman - They are the most powerful ethnic group in Myanmar.

➤ Tatmadaw - This is the name of the Myanmar armed forces from 1962-1974.

➤ Communism - An ideology that spread to the countries of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia after they gained independence from European countries.

➤ Democracy - A system of government in which power is in the hands of the people.

➤ Nationalism - An ideology and movement that seeks to promote nationalism unity, identity, and independence of a country or race. Those who believe in nationalism have a deep appreciation for their culture, history, and language.

➤ Manifestation of Nationalism - Patronage of one's own products.

➤ Independence - corresponds to the condition of a state, country or nation that is self-governing and free from any influence or interference from outside the country.

➤ Nationality - the status and condition of a place as a result of the existence of people or citizens, territory, government and independence or sovereignty.

➤ The Rise of Nationalism in Java, Indonesia - Education and Awareness.

➤ Federal/Federalism - Type of government existing in Malaysia.

➤ Emirate - Type of government or state headed by an Emir, who is a ruler or leader of a region or territory under the monarchy system. The word "Emirate" comes from Arabic meaning "place of the emir" or "place of the ruler"

➤ Sabah and Sarawak - These are two islands claimed by the Philippines and Indonesia but later also became part of the territory of Malaysia.

➤ Borneo and Penang - two famous places in Southeast Asia with their own colorful history, culture, and geography

➤ Electoralism - The use of elections as part of democracy where whoever wins holds power.

➤ "Budi Utomo" - Great Endeavor/ Glorius Endeavor

Corruption - refers to the abuse of power entrusted to an individual for personal gain to obtain the desired thing through unfair means.

➤ Three Branches of Government:

➤ Executive-President

➤ Judiciary-Courts

➤ Legislative-Congress

➤ "Four Tigers of Asian Economic Development" refers to:

Hong Kong - Finance and Trade

Singapore - Services and Tourism

South Korea - Technology and Industry

Taiwan - Electronics and Manufacturing