IHUM FINALS PREP

Vertical Line - a straight line that runs up and down

Horizontal Line - a straight line that runs left to right 

Diagonal Line - a straight line that slopes from one bottom corner to a top corner

Hatching - an artistic technique that involves drawing closely spaced parallel lines to create shading or tonal effects

Actual Line - physical marks made in a composition

Implied Line - lines that are suggested

Closure - describes how people tend to perceive incomplete images as complete objects

Continuity - a principle of visual perception that describes how the human eye tends to see lines and curves as flowing and connected

Geometric shapes - precise shapes with straight angles and lines

Organic shapes - irregular shapes that are similar to shapes found in nature

Amorphous shapes - shapes lacking structure/non-geometric

Positive and negative shapes - positive shapes are the objects, while negative shapes are the areas in between objects

Value contrast - the difference between light and dark in a piece of art

Value pattern - the placement of objects in artwork that guides the eye and creates unity between the objects

Low key / high key values - used to describe a painting that's related to the low-key or high-key lighting of cinema or photography

Chiaroscuro - a technique that uses light and shadow to make 3D objects

Warm colors - colors that give off the feeling of warmth, energy, and heat.

Cool colors - colors that give off the feeling of relaxed, calm, and cooling emotions

Monochromatic schemes - theme with hues of the same color instead of different colors

Analogous color schemes - groups of colors that appear next to each other on the color wheel

Complementary scheme - uses colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel to create a high-contrast, vibrant look

Discordant colors - deliberate to specifically bring out a person, place, or thing

Arbitrary color - a choice of color in an artwork that has no basis in the realistic appearance of the object depicted 

"Denatured" color - method of painting that uses denatured alcohol to create un-naturalistic and marble-like shapes

Relative size -  clues in the picture that help you figure out the size of objects

Overlapping - a technique that involves placing one object in front of another to create the illusion of depth and three-dimensionality

Transparency - the quality of being able to see through (or partially see through) one or more layers in an artwork

Vertical Positioning - the use of lines and shapes that run up and down, and the effect that has on the viewer

Atmospheric depth - the illusion of depth moving back into space

Linear Perspective - a system of creating an illusion of depth on a flat surface

Vantage Point - a stationary point from which a viewer is related to the object/figure being rendered

Vanishing Point - the point where parallel lines that recede into the distance appear to meet on the horizon line

Arch - a curved symmetrical structure usually used to support the weight of a different structure

Atrium - a central hall or court in a modern building, often glass-covered

Buttress - a projecting support of stone or brick built against a wall

Cantilever - a long projecting beam or girder fixed at only one end

Column/pillar - a tall vertical structure of stone, wood, or metal used to support a building

Dome - a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure

Façade - the face of a building, especially the main front that looks onto a street or open space

Organic architecture -  a philosophy of architecture that promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world. 

Prairie Style - low, horizontal silhouettes with one or two stories featuring broad, low-pitched roofs and wide, overhanging eaves that emphasize the broad lines

modernist architecture - values experimentation and purity and focuses on improving society and also honoring the artist. Europe started the trend with distilled functional modernistic architecture; Frank Lloyd Wright started a new humanistic type of modernism; 

Postmodernist - values organic, multivalent art, and playfulness; collage-like in the way it caters to revivalism; connected to everyday human life rather than distilled to be flat and not connective

deconstructivism in architecture - utilizes fragmentation in architecture form; emphasizes non-rectilinear shapes that distort the traditional elements of architecture; usually characterized by unpredictability and controlled chaos.

genre film - a film that follows a well-known film genre exactly how it is and is marketed for that reason

Extreme close-up shot - A shot even closer and tighter on the subject so it takes up most of or all of the frame.

Close up shot - A shot of a subject or object at a close range to show detail.

Medium shot - also called waist shot; a shot from a medium distance from the subject to show the fully body and its surroundings.

Long shot - A shot that is from a far distance to show the subject and the setting fully. Used to show the subject in relation to the environment.

Extreme long shot - A long shot from an even wider distance to show the setting more than the subject.

Deep focus - a cinematic technique that keeps the entire frame in sharp focus, from the foreground to the background

High angle shot - a cinematic technique where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle and the point of focus often gets "swallowed up"

Low angle shot - a camera angle that's positioned below eye level and points upward at a subject

Oblique angle or canted angle - a camera shot where the camera is tilted on its axis, resulting in a slanted horizon line and creating a sense of disorientation

Classical editing - Editing that is smooth, relatively unnoticeable, and makes for a smooth narrative

Continuity editing/cut - Technique that combines multiple shots into a seamless narrative that feels natural and connected

Radical/subjective continuity editing - Cuts of different time and space for dramatic effect

Thematic editing - shots edited together to cue viewer to reflect on their implicit meanings (themes, ideas, or concepts), not just to tell a story. - not concerned with continuity

Associative editing - Juxtaposition of images and sounds, linking them together to evoke emotional or intellectual responses and meaning

Jump cut - An abrupt transition from one scene to another

Match cut - Joining two shots together by matching visual elements, creating a seamless transition between scenes

Montage - Combines a series of short clips into a sequence to convey information, evoke emotion, or show the passage of time

Cinematography - the art of capturing visual images

Frame composition - how elements in the camera's frame are arranged

Mis en scene - "placing on stage," involves setting, props, costumes, etc.

High key lighting - well-lit, soft lighting with minimal shadows; used to create a cheerful and optimistic feeling

Low key lighting - strong contrast and deep shadows; used to create drama or tension

High-contrast lighting (chiaroscuro effect) - high contrast between light and dark areas in a shot

Back-lighting (Halo effect) - lighting from behind, creating a silhouette or a halo effect

Soundtrack - all songs played in the movie 

Diegetic sound - all sounds that characters within the story can hear

Non-diegetic sound - refers to sounds or music that only the audience can hear.

Musical motifs in film - Musical motifs recur in the film to represent themes or characters

Identify five key conventions of Screwball Comedies (see assigned readings) - 1. Witty dialogue or banter 2. Events that probably wouldn't usually happen occur 3. Mistaken identities among characters 4. Clear character tropes: well-to-do woman interested in romance and generally passive, emasculated man 5. A twist or threatening plotline against the romantic couple, but everything works out in the end

Auteur - a director who genuinely writes the scripts themselves, directs and facilitates everything; complete filmmaker

metteur en scene - Scene setter director - only directs scenes, just another hired person by the company.

Find and restate in your own terms three core ideas from the Hutcheon reading on adaptation about issues or challenges related to adapting a story from novel to film. - Distillation in adaptation: to be successful, the adaptation needs the right amount of artistic clarification without taking away from the intended plot. In adaptations, everything must be made visual and audible, from words to actions. Depending on the type of adaptation (poem to media, novel to movie, novel to stage), different devices are inherently used. Ex: novel to a realist movie needs a linear and resolved plot development

Memes - a humorous image, text, or video that trends on the internet and is usually associated with each generation’s humor 

the new sincerity in postmodern comedy - a move from nihilistic and cynical humor to vulnerable and authentic ironic humor ex: David Foster Wallace’s article writing style includes very open, honest humor

Joseph Campbell's Hero's Journey/Hero Cycle - 1. Separation 2. Initiation 3. Return 

Call to adventure -> meets a mentor -> crosses the threshold into an unknown world -> with a helper experiences trials and failure -> acquires new skills and knowledge -> death + rebirth-> revelation -> finally changes->atonement and triumph -> receives reward ->returns a changed person

Rockism - music that relies on authenticity and creativity; the belief that rock music is superior to other pop music

Poptimism - the belief that pop music is as worthy as rock music to be critiqued for authenticity and artfulness