ISS Lesson 6 Test

Lesson 6 Review

Citizenship & Participation

Lesson 6A The 14th Amendment

• Fredrick Douglas

Frederick Douglass was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. He became the most important movement leader for African-American civil rights in the 19th century. 

• Abraham Lincoln 

The 16th president issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which in turn, freed people of color from Confederate territories, which paved the way for the abolition of slavery.

• Dred Scott

A man of color who sued for his freedom in the Dred Scott v. Sanford, which ruled that enslaved people were not citizens and had no right to sue in federal court.

• Black Codes

Black Codes were discriminatory laws enacted in Southern states immediately after the Civil War, aiming to restrict the freedom and rights of newly freed African Americans, often by criminalizing certain behaviors and limiting economic and social opportunities. 

• Birthright 

"Birthright" refers to a concept encompassing rights or privileges granted to a person solely by virtue of their birth, including citizenship based on place of birth or parentage, and inheritance rights. 

• Naturalization

Naturalization is the formal process by which someone who was not born in a country becomes a citizen of that country.

• Due process

Due process is a fundamental legal principle that ensures fair treatment through the judicial system, guarantees individuals a fair trial, provides proper notice of legal actions, and provides the opportunity to defend themselves. 

• Equal protection clause

  • Plessy v. Ferguson (the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the doctrine of "separate but equal," allowing states to maintain segregated facilities as long as they were of equal quality.)

  • Brown v. Board of Education (Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that outlawed racial segregation in public schools. The unanimous decision overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.)

  • Floyd v. City of New York City

• Citizenship (Stations & Citizenship: Just the Facts) 

  • Rights (the right to life, freedom of speech, assembly, religion, and movement, as well as the right to participate in the democratic process, equality, and due process of law.)

  • Duties (obeying laws, paying taxes, serving on a jury when called, participating in the democratic process (like voting), and respecting the rights of others.) 

  • Responsibilities ( obeying laws, paying taxes, serving on juries, staying informed, participating in the democratic process, and respecting the rights and beliefs of others.) 

Lesson 6B Immigration: Pathway to Citizenship

• A Nuanced Approach to Immigration Policy 

  • Strict Policies (Protect job opportunities and reduce strain on public services, enhance national security)

  • Lenient Policies (Boosts economic growth, fills labor shortages increases culture diversity, provides humanity relief.)

• Statue of Liberty 

A Welcoming Symbol: Its location near Ellis Island in New York Harbor made it a symbol of hope and opportunity for immigrants arriving in the United States.

• Why Do People Migrate? 

  • Economic Opportunities (Better jobs, higher wages, or improved living standards.)

  • Political Instability & Conflict (Wars, political persecution, or unstable government.)

  • Environmental Factors (Natural disasters, climate change, and resource depletion)

  • Social & Family Ties (Reunite with family members after on member enter the us.)

• Refugees 

• Individuals forced to flee their home country due to war violence or persecution they seek safety in another country

• Asylum Seekers

• People who apply for protection in another country because they fear persecution but have not been granted refugee status

• Undocumented Immigrants

• People who enter or stay in a country without legal authority often seeking better opportunities.

• U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

  • Nonimmigrant

  • an individual admitted to the United States for a temporary period, for specific purposes, such as tourism, business, study, or temporary work, rather than with the intent to live permanently. 

  • Temporary Stay

  • a period of living or residing in a place for a limited time, rather than permanently, and can be used in various contexts like travel, relocation, or even legal proceedings. 

  • Green Card

  • a document issued by the U.S. government that grants the holder the right to live and work permanently in the United States. 

  • Lawful Permanent Resident

  •  a foreign national who has been granted the right to live and work permanently in the United States, but is not a U.S. citizen. 

  • Visa

  • visas are documents issued by the US Department of State allowing foreign nationals to enter the country temporarily

  • Diversity Visa Immigrant Program

  •  makes immigrant visas available to natives of countries with low immigration rates.

  • Deportation

  • the action of deporting a foreigner from a country.

  • DREAMer

Young undocumented immigrants who came to the United States as children.

• The Dream Act

• In 2001, senators Orrin Hatch (R-ut) and Dick Durbin(D-IL) proposed a pathway for undocumented children to gain citizenship. It was called the DREAM Act. Dream stands for Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors.  

• DACA

• On June 15, 2012 the Secretary of Homeland Security announced that certain people who came to the United states as children and meet several guidelines may request consideration of deferred action for a period of 2 years, subject to renewal.

• The U.S. Naturalization Process 

  • Requirements 

  • Be at least 18 years old.

  •  Have a green card for at least 5 or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen. 

  • Live in the U.S. continuously and meet good moral character standards.

  • Citizenship Test 

  • Meet with a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officer.

  • Take a civics test (questions about U.S. history and government).

• Oath of Allegiance

• Attend a naturalization ceremony.

• Swear loyalty to the U.S. and receive a certificate of citizenship.