QUIZ 5 - PHARM

1. Albuterol (Proventil)

• Class/Use: Beta-2 agonist; bronchodilator for asthma or wheezing.

• Side Effects: Tachycardia, tremors, nervousness, headache.

• Warnings: Use caution in cardiac patients; overuse can lead to paradoxical bronchospasm.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor HR and lung sounds; teach correct inhaler/nebulizer use.

2. Albumin

• Class/Use: Plasma volume expander; treats shock, burns, or low albumin levels.

• Side Effects: Hypotension, fever, chills, allergic reactions.

• Warnings: Avoid in severe anemia or cardiac failure with normal volume.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor for fluid overload; assess BP and urine output.

3. Ambisome (Liposomal Amphotericin B)

• Class/Use: Antifungal for severe systemic infections.

• Side Effects: Fever, chills, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia.

• Warnings: Nephrotoxic—monitor renal function.

• Nursing Considerations: Premedicate to reduce infusion reactions; hydrate well.

4. Baclofen

• Class/Use: Muscle relaxant for spasticity (e.g., cerebral palsy).

• Side Effects: Drowsiness, hypotonia, dizziness.

• Warnings: Abrupt withdrawal may cause seizures/hallucinations.

• Nursing Considerations: Taper dose gradually; monitor mental status.

5. Captopril (Capoten)

• Class/Use: ACE inhibitor; used for hypertension or heart failure.

• Side Effects: Cough, hypotension, hyperkalemia, angioedema.

• Warnings: Avoid with renal artery stenosis, pregnancy.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor BP, renal function, and potassium.

6. Cefepime (Maxipime)

• Class/Use: 4th-gen cephalosporin antibiotic.

• Side Effects: Rash, diarrhea, elevated liver enzymes.

• Warnings: Neurotoxicity in renal failure.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor for superinfection; adjust dose in renal impairment.

7. Colace (Docusate)

• Class/Use: Stool softener.

• Side Effects: Mild abdominal cramping, diarrhea.

• Warnings: Not for bowel obstruction.

• Nursing Considerations: Encourage fluid intake; assess bowel movement patterns.

8. Depakene (Valproic Acid)

• Class/Use: Anticonvulsant.

• Side Effects: Hepatotoxicity, tremor, GI upset, weight gain.

• Warnings: Liver failure, especially <2 years; teratogenic.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor LFTs, platelets, ammonia; assess seizure control.

9. Diazepam (Valium/Diastat)

• Class/Use: Benzodiazepine; used for seizures or anxiety.

• Side Effects: Drowsiness, respiratory depression, hypotension.

• Warnings: Avoid with CNS depressants.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor RR, sedation, seizure activity; use rectal Diastat PRN.

10. Digoxin

• Class/Use: Cardiac glycoside; increases contractility in CHF.

• Side Effects: Bradycardia, N/V, visual changes.

• Warnings: Toxicity risk increases with hypokalemia.

• Nursing Considerations: Check apical HR before giving; monitor levels and electrolytes.

11. Dilantin (Phenytoin)

• Class/Use: Anticonvulsant.

• Side Effects: Gingival hyperplasia, rash, ataxia.

• Warnings: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxicity.

• Nursing Considerations: Maintain consistent dosing; monitor drug levels and gums.

12. Gentamicin

• Class/Use: Aminoglycoside antibiotic.

• Side Effects: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity.

• Warnings: Use cautiously in renal impairment.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor drug levels, hearing, renal function.

13. Ibuprofen

• Class/Use: NSAID; for pain and fever.

• Side Effects: GI upset, renal impairment, bleeding.

• Warnings: Avoid in dehydration or kidney disease.

• Nursing Considerations: Give with food; watch for signs of GI bleeding.

14. IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulin)

• Class/Use: Immune modulator for immunodeficiencies and Kawasaki disease.

• Side Effects: HA, chills, anaphylaxis, renal failure.

• Warnings: Use cautiously in renal dysfunction.

• Nursing Considerations: Infuse slowly; premedicate with Tylenol/Benadryl.

15. Lasix (Furosemide)

• Class/Use: Loop diuretic; treats edema, CHF.

• Side Effects: Hypokalemia, dehydration, hypotension.

• Warnings: Risk of ototoxicity with rapid IV push.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor I/O, electrolytes, BP.

16. Mesna

• Class/Use: Uroprotectant used with chemotherapy.

• Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, hypersensitivity.

• Warnings: May mask hemorrhagic cystitis.

• Nursing Considerations: Ensure adequate hydration; given with cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide.

17. Miralax (Polyethylene Glycol)

• Class/Use: Osmotic laxative.

• Side Effects: Diarrhea, bloating.

• Warnings: Not for bowel obstruction.

• Nursing Considerations: Dissolve in liquid; encourage hydration.

18. Morphine

• Class/Use: Opioid analgesic.

• Side Effects: Respiratory depression, constipation, sedation.

• Warnings: Risk of dependence; caution in asthma.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor RR, sedation level, pain scale.

19. Nystatin

• Class/Use: Antifungal; for oral or diaper candidiasis.

• Side Effects: GI upset (oral), skin irritation.

• Warnings: For topical/oral use only.

• Nursing Considerations: Swish/spit or apply to oral mucosa; apply after feedings.

20. Phenobarbital

• Class/Use: Barbiturate; anticonvulsant.

• Side Effects: Drowsiness, hypotension, respiratory depression.

• Warnings: Avoid abrupt withdrawal.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor for sedation and drug levels.

21. Prednisone

• Class/Use: Corticosteroid; anti-inflammatory.

• Side Effects: Weight gain, mood changes, hyperglycemia.

• Warnings: Long-term use → adrenal suppression, osteoporosis.

• Nursing Considerations: Give with food; taper slowly.

22. Pulmozyme (Dornase Alfa)

• Class/Use: Mucolytic for cystic fibrosis.

• Side Effects: Voice alteration, pharyngitis, rash.

• Warnings: Do not mix with other nebulizer drugs.

• Nursing Considerations: Administer via nebulizer; monitor lung sounds.

23. Rocephin (Ceftriaxone)

• Class/Use: Cephalosporin antibiotic.

• Side Effects: Rash, diarrhea, biliary sludge.

• Warnings: Contraindicated in neonates with calcium IVs.

• Nursing Considerations: IM dose may be painful; dilute with lidocaine if ordered.

24. Septra (Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim)

• Class/Use: Antibiotic for UTIs, MRSA, PCP pneumonia.

• Side Effects: Rash, GI upset, photosensitivity.

• Warnings: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, crystaluria.

• Nursing Considerations: Encourage fluids; monitor CBC and renal function.

25. Toradol (Ketorolac)

• Class/Use: NSAID; used short-term for moderate pain.

• Side Effects: GI bleeding, renal impairment.

• Warnings: Limit use to 5 days; avoid in renal disease.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor pain, renal function; give with food.

26. Tylenol (Acetaminophen)

• Class/Use: Analgesic, antipyretic.

• Side Effects: Hepatotoxicity in overdose.

• Warnings: Max dose in children: 75 mg/kg/day.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor liver function; check all sources for acetaminophen content.

27. Vancomycin

• Class/Use: Glycopeptide antibiotic; MRSA, C. diff (oral).

• Side Effects: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, Red Man Syndrome.

• Warnings: Infuse slowly to avoid flushing.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor trough levels, renal function.

28. Zofran (Ondansetron)

• Class/Use: Antiemetic.

• Side Effects: Headache, constipation, QT prolongation.

• Warnings: Use caution with cardiac history.

• Nursing Considerations: Monitor for effectiveness; give before chemo if ordered.