Shcizo Vocab

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder → characterized by Psychosis

• Altered Cognition 

• Altered perception and mor

• Impaired ability to determine what is or is not ready 

Delusional Disorder → False thoughts of beliefs that have lasted 1 month or longer

•  False thoughts of beliefs that have lasted 1 month or longer

• There delusions

  • Indues grandiose, persecutory, somatic, and referential themes 

  • Are not severe enough to impact functions

Brief Psychotic Disorders 

          → Sudden onset of at least one of the following 

• Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized catatonic behavior 

         → Duration

• Must last longer than 1 day, but not longer than 1 month, with the expectation  to return to normal function.

Schizophreniform Disorder

• Symptoms

  • Same as schizophrenia, except that symptoms have this far lasted less than 6 months 

• Impaired social or occupational functioning may not be apparent 

• May or may not return to previous level of functioning 

Schizoaffective Disorder 

• Major depressive, manic, or mixed episode, concurrent with symptoms that meet criteria for schizophrenia 

• Not caused by any substance use of general medical condition 

Substance -induced Psychotic Disorder & Psychic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

• Delusions or hallucinations from illicit drugs, alcohol, medications or toxins 

• OR

• Delusions or hallucinations from delirium, neurological disease, hepatic or renal disease, and many more

Phases of Schizophrenia 

• Prodromal → something is “just not right” (1-12 months, schizo ep)

  • Changes in thinking

  • Reality-testing

  • Speech and thoughts may be odd

  • concentration/function may deteriorate

• Acute

  • Positive - the presence of symptoms that should not be present 

    • Hallucinations

    • Delusions- false beliefs that are help despite lack of evidence 

    • Disorganized behavior

    • Realty testing - automatic and unconscious process by which we determined what is ad is not real 

    • Paranoia

  • Negative- the absence of qualities that should be present 

    • Apathy - lack on interest 

    • Social withdrawal

    • Diminished Affect 

  • Cognitive-

    • Impaired memory

    • Anosognosia  - a condition that makes it hard to recognize own health issues

  • Affective symptoms 

    • Primary depressive symptoms 

• Stabilization

  • Symptoms are stabilized and hospitalization 

  • Movement toward prior level of function

  • Some level of support needed 

    • Outpatient partial hospitalization

    • Residential center/group home

    • Supportive housing 

• Maintenance or Residual  

  • New baseline established

  • Positive symptoms significantly diminished or absent 

  • Negative and cognitive symptoms persist

  • Able to live independently or with family 

• Positive symptoms

  • Alternation in reality  testing

    • Delusions-false, fixed beliefs

    • Alterations in speech

    • Concrete thinking- inability to thik abtractly 

• Alteration in speech

  • Associative looseness 

    •  word salad- most extreme form; a jumble words meaningless to a listeinger 

  • Clang association 

    •  words chosen based on a sound

  • Neologisms-

    •  meaning for the patient only 

  • Echolalia- r

    • repetition of another's words

• Abnormal speech patterns

  • Circumstantiality - 

    • unnecessary tedious details in conversation

  • Tangentiality- 

    • wandering off topic

  • Cognitive retardation- 

    • slowing of thinking, delays in response or difficulty finish thoughts 

  • Pressured speech -

    •  urgent or intense resist comments form others

  • Flight of ideas

    • Moving rapidly from one though to the next 

  • Symbolic speech

    • Using symbols instead of direct communication “ demons are striking needles in me”

• Disorder or Disorders of thought

  • Thought blocking

    • A reduction or stoppage of thought

      • Interruption of thought of hallucination can cause it 

  • Thought insertion

    • The uncomfortable belief that someone else has inserted thought into their brains

  • Thought deletion

    • A belief that thought have been taken or missing 

  • Magical thinking

    • Believing that thoughts or action affect others consequence 

  • Paranoia

    • An irrational fear, running from mild(wary,guard) to proud(believing that someone is thinking to kill you. 

  • Hallucations

    • Adutory

    • Visual

    • Olfactory - smell

    • Gustory - sense of tatse

    • Tactile

    • command

  • Illusions

    • Misperceptions or misinterpretation of a real epicness 

  • Depolarization

    • The feeling of unreal or having lost identity 

  • Derealization 

    • Feeling that the environment has changed 

• Change in behavior

  • Catatonia

  • Motor retardation

  • Motor agitation

  • Stereotype behaviors

    • Repetitive behaviors that serve no logic

  • Easy flexibility

  • Echopraxia

    • Mcking movement of another 

  • Negativism

  • Impaired impulse control

  • Gesturing or posturing

    • Assuming unusual and illogical expression (often grimaces) posture or positions

  • Boundary impairment

    • An impaired ability to sense where one's body or influences ends and another begins 

• Negative symptoms

  • Anhedonia

    • A reduced ability or inability to exerince pleasure in everyday life 

  • Avolition

    • Loss of motivation; difficulty beginning and sustaining goal-directed activities reduction in motivation or goal-directed behavior 

  • Asociality

    • Decreased desire for, or comfort during social interaction

  • Affective blunting

    • Reduced or constricted affect

  • Apathy 

    • A decreased interest in things

  • Alogia

    • Reduction og speech, → poverty speech

  • Affect

    • Outward expression of a person internal emotional state

      • Flat

        • Immobile or blank facial expression​

      • Blunted

        • Reduced or minimal emotional response​

      • Constricted

        • Reduced in range or intensity, e.g., shows sadness or anger but no other moods

      • Inappropriate

        • Incongruent with the actual emotional state or situation (e.g., laughing in response to a tragedy)​  

      • Bizar 

        • Odd, illogical, inappropriate, or unfounded; includes grimacing​

• Cognitive

  • Concrete thinking

    • Impaired ability to think abstractly, resulting in interpreting or perceiving things in a literal manner. Difficulty responding to concepts like love or humor​

  • Impaired memory

    • Impacts short-term memory and the ability to learn

  • Impaired information processing

    • Delayed responses, misperceptions, or difficulty understanding others; may lose the ability to screen out insignificant stimuli

  • Impaired executive functioning

    • Includes difficulty with reasoning, setting priorities, comparing options, placing things in logical order or groups, anticipation and planning, and inhibiting undesirable impulses or actions.​ 

  • Anosognosia 

    • Inability to realize one is ill, caused by the illness itself ​

• Affective symtoms

  • Aessment for depression is crusial

    • May herald impending realapse

    • Increase substance abuse

    • Increase sucide risk

    • Further impairs functioning 

• Self Assememt

  • Anosognosia

    • Inability to realize they are ill

    • Caused by the illness itself

    • May result in resistance to or cessation of treatment

    • Often combined with paranoia so that accepting help is impossible 

  • Nurse self-assessment 

    • Anxiety of fear

    • Sustartion

    • Expectations 

• Outcomes Identification

  • Phase I—acute​

    • Patient safety and medical stabilization​

  • Phase II—stabilization​

    • Help patient understand illness and treatment​

    • Stabilize medications​

    • Control or cope with symptoms​

  • Phase III—maintenance​

    • Maintain achievement​

    • Prevent relapse​

    • Achieve independence, satisfactory quality of life​

• Planning

  • Phase I—acute​

    • Best strategies to ensure patient safety and provide symptom stabilization ​

  • Phase II—stabilization​

  • Phase III—maintenance​

    • Provide patient and family education​

    • Relapse prevention skills are vital​

• Implementation

  • Acute phase​

    • Psychiatric, medical, and neurological evaluation​

    • Psychopharmacological treatment​

    • Support, psychoeducation, and guidance​

    • Supervision and limit setting in the milieu​

    • Monitor fluid intake​

    • Working with aggression​

    • Regularly assess for risk and take safety measures​​

  • Stabilization and maintenance phases​

    • Medication administration/adherence​

    • Relationships with trusted care providers​

    • Community-based therapeutic services​

    • Teamwork and safety​

    • Activities and groups​

  • Counseling and communication techniques​

    • Hallucinations​

    • Delusions​

    • Associative looseness​

    • Health teaching and health promotion​

• Evulation

• Reevaluate progress regularly and adjust treatment when needed ​

• Even after symptoms improve outwardly, inside the patient is still recovering.​

• Set small goals; recovery can take months.​

• Active, ongoing communication and caring is essential.​​