Chapter 1 (2)

Page 1: Introduction to Networks

• Overview of "Networking Today"

• Course Version: v7.0 (ITN) by Cisco

Page 2: Impact of Networks

• Networks Affect Our Lives

  • Networks enhance communication, making it vital for daily living.

Page 3: Connectivity

• Networking Today

  • Communication is essential, like air and water.

  • Networks enable unprecedented global connectivity.

Page 4: No Boundaries

• Global Communities

  • Networks eliminate geographical limitations.

  • Users can interact socially regardless of location or time zone.

• Human Network

  • Cloud technology allows access to files and applications anywhere, anytime.

Page 5: Network Components

• Overview of Network Components

  • Understanding the roles and functionalities of network hosts and servers.

Page 6: Hosts and End Devices

• Hosts: Devices participating in network communication (end devices).

  • Assigned specific numbers (IP addresses) for identification.

• Server Types:

  • Email Server: Manages email software access through clients.

  • Web Server: Delivers web pages through browsers.

  • File Server: Centralizes access to files for clients.

Page 7: Client and Server Interaction

• Servers: Provide information to end devices (Email, Web, File).

• Clients: Request and receive data from servers.

Page 8: Peer-to-Peer Networks

• Client/Server Role in Peer-to-Peer Networks

  • Devices can act as both clients and servers.

  • Suitable for small networks (recommended for simplicity).

• Advantages:

  • Easy setup and lower cost.

• Disadvantages:

  • Lack of centralized administration and scalability.

Page 9: End Devices

• Definition: Points where messages originate or are received.

• Data flows from end device to end device through the network.

Page 10: Intermediary Devices

• Role of Intermediary Devices:

  • Connect end devices: Ex: switches, routers, firewalls.

  • Manage data flow: regenerate signals, maintain pathways, and handle errors.

Page 12: Network Media

• Communication Media Types:

  • Copper Cables: Use electrical impulses.

  • Fiber Optic Cables: Utilize light pulses for faster data transfer.

  • Wireless: Employ electromagnetic waves.

Page 13: Media Selection Criteria

• Factors to consider when selecting network media:

  • Signal distance, environment, data speed, and cost.

Page 15: Network Representations

• Network Diagrams: Visual representations of devices and connections.

  • Essential terms: NIC, Physical Port, Interface.

Page 17: Topology Diagrams

• Physical Topology: Illustrates physical device locations and cable layouts.

• Logical Topology: Depicts addressing schemes and device interactions.

Page 19: Types of Networks

• Common Network Sizes:

  • Home Networks: Connect a few devices.

  • SOHO Networks: Link home/remote devices to corporate networks.

  • Medium/Large Networks: Hundreds/thousands of devices.

  • Global Networks: Includes the internet.

Page 20-21: LANs vs. WANs

• LAN: Local Area Network; covers a small geographical area, administered by a single entity.

• WAN: Wide Area Network; spans larger areas, typically managed by multiple providers.

Page 22: Understanding the Internet

• The Internet: Connected collection of global LANs and WANs.

• Maintenance is overseen by organizations such as IETF and ICANN.

Page 23: Intranets & Extranets

• Intranet: Private LAN/WAN for a specific organization.

• Extranet: Secure access from external organizations to internal networks.

Page 25-26: Internet Connection Types

• Home/Small Office:

  • Cable, DSL, Cellular: High-bandwidth options for internet access.

  • Dial-up: Inexpensive, low-bandwidth connection.

Page 27-28: Business Connection Types

• Business Connectivity:

  • Requires dedicated, high-speed connections for data-intensive operations.

Page 31: Reliable Network Architecture

• Essential Characteristics:

  • Fault Tolerance: Limits impact from failures.

  • Scalability: Ability to grow and support new users.

  • Quality of Service (QoS): Manages network performance.

  • Security: Protects network infrastructure.

Page 35: Network Security Goals

• Goals of Security:

  • Confidentiality: Restricted data access to authorized users.

  • Integrity: Assurance of unaltered data transmission.

  • Availability: Ensuring data is accessible when needed.

Page 37-41: Emerging Network Trends

• Trends:

  • BYOD: Allowing personal devices in the workplace.

  • Online Collaboration: Enhanced teamwork through digital tools.

  • Video Communication: Integral for remote interactions.

  • Cloud Computing: Access and storage of data via the internet.

Page 42: Types of Cloud Computing

• Public, Private, Hybrid, and Custom Clouds:

  • Distinct attributes and purposes for different organizational needs.

Page 47-49: Security Threats and Solutions

• Threats:

  • Can be external (viruses, Denial of Service) or internal (employee misuse).

• Solutions:

  • Utilize multiple security layers and technologies.

Page 52-54: IT Professional Certification

• CCNA Certification: Validates foundational networking skills.

• Upcoming certifications: Reflect current technological relevance.

Page 56-60: Communication Fundamentals

• Communication Elements:

  • Source, Destination, and Channel must be recognized for effective messaging.

• Protocols: Define rules for communication, ensuring structured exchanges.

Page 68-70: Network Protocol Overview

• Protocols Types: Include communication, security, routing, and service discovery rules.

Page 73-78: Protocol Suites

• TCP/IP: Most widely used protocol suite; integral for internet functionality.

Page 87-90: Standards Organizations

• Key Organizations: ISOC, IAB, IETF, and various engineering associations to create and maintain open standards.

Page 92-96: Reference Models

• Benefits of Layered Models: Simplifies understanding of network processes via defined layers (OSI & TCP/IP).

Page 97-101: Data Encapsulation

• Segmenting Messages: Improves speed and efficiency, ensuring effective data transmission.

Page 106-110: Data Access Addresses

• Addressing Importance: Distinction between data link and network layer addressing; MAC and IP addresses guide data routing.

Page 115-119: Data Transmission Process

• Addressing Dynamics: Explains the role of networking layers and how devices manage address data to facilitate seamless communication.