Untitled Flashcards Set

What is flogging

1. A method of punishment involving beating or whipping a person

What part did the Quakers of Pennsylvania have in prison reform?

1. Quakers advocated for humane treatment and invented the concept of solitary confinement as a means of rehabilitation instead of corporal punishment.

What is the basic principle of the Pennsylvania system?

1. Isolation for reflection under the notion that individuals could reform through introspection and personal accountability, rather than through harsh punishments.

What is the New York system?

1. Isolating prisoners in cells at night while allowing them to work alongside other inmates during the day

Were female prisoners treated differently in prisons than males during the 19th Century?

1. Yes

Does the federal government provide all funding for American prisoners?

1. No

Do all states run their prisons in an identical manner?

1. No

What percentage of the incarcerated population is comprised of women

1. 15%

What percentage of all persons are incarcerated in jail

1. 10.8%

Is there any difference between jail and prison

1. Yes, Jail is for sentences under 1 year and it is used for holding people awaiting trial. Prison is for 1+ years and for felony convictions.

The number of persons incarcerated declined or remained stable throughout the 20th century 

1. Stable or increased

What part of the country has shown the largest increase in prison population 

1. The South

Is it permissible for prison officials to place a ban on mail correspondence between prisoners in different facilities?

1. Yes

How did the Enlightenment, the Renaissance, and Civil War reconstruction affect prisons

1. A period in the late eighteenth century when philosophers rethought the nature of society and the place of the individual in the world. New ideas about society and government arose from the Enlightenment.

What was the Cincinnati Declaration of Principles

1. - indeterminate sentences replace fixed sentences
   - rehabilitation programs - Prisoners are held only until they are reformed
   - classifications based on improvements in character
   - release on parole
   -recognized men and women need separate prisons

What penitentiary first used the technique of isolation

1. Eastern State

What system held prisoners in isolation at night and made them work with fellow prisoners in shops during the day

1. The New York system

What model assumes that the goal of correction should be about reintegrating the offender into the community

1. Community Model

Correctional programs are operated by which levels of government

1. Correctional programs are authorized by all levels of government

In all states, the administration of prisons is which branch of government

1. The executive branch

How are state corrections facilities classified?

1. Security Level

Jails are administered locally by who?

1. Counties

How long is an inmate typically held in jail?

1. Less than 24 hours

What are the 1st, 6th, 8th, 4th, and 14th amendments

1. 1st Amendment: Protects the freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

2. 4th Amendment: Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets requirements for search warrants.

3. 6th Amendment: Guarantees the right to a fair trial, including the right to a speedy trial, an impartial jury, and the right to counsel.

4. 8th Amendment: Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.

5. 14th Amendment: Guarantees equal protection under the law and addresses citizenship rights.

Which of the amendments have been limited the most for prisoners

1. 4th Amendment

What is the difference between max, supermax, and minimum security prisons

1. Maximum Security Prisons: Designed to hold the most dangerous offenders. They have high walls, armed guards, and stringent security measures. Inmates have limited movement and strict rules.

2. Supermax Prisons: These are a subset of maximum security facilities with even higher levels of security. Inmates typically spend 23 hours a day in their cells, with minimal human contact. They house the most violent and problematic inmates.

3. Minimum Security Prisons: Designed for non-violent offenders who pose a lower risk to society. They have fewer security measures, allowing for more freedom of movement, and often include dormitory-style living quarters and programs focused on rehabilitation.

Which does the 14th Amendment protect from

1. In the context of the 14th Amendment, it protects individuals from state actions that violate their rights, including due process and equal protection under the law. This ensures that all individuals, regardless of the type of correctional facility they are in, are afforded certain legal protections.

What is the lease system?

1. A system under which inmates were leased to contractors who provided prisoners with food and clothing in exchange for their labor. In southern states, the prisoners were used as agricultural, mining, logging, and construction laborers.

Who gets put in state and who gets put in federal prisons

1. Criminals who violate state law go to state prison and offenders who violate federal law go to federal prison

What happens to an illegal alien once they complete their sentence

1. They are deported