1. Marbury v. Madison (1803)

   • Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

     • Judicial Review (Implied from Article III of the Constitution)

     • This case established the principle of judicial review, which allows courts to declare laws unconstitutional. Although no specific amendment was directly cited, it relates to the structure and authority of the judicial branch in Article III.

2. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

   • Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

     • Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18)

     • Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2)

     • This case established that Congress has implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause, and federal law takes precedence over state law under the Supremacy Clause.

3. Schenck v. United States (1919)

   • Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

     • First Amendment (Freedom of Speech)

     • This case upheld the conviction of Schenck for distributing anti-draft leaflets during World War I. The Court created the "clear and present danger" test, limiting free speech in cases of speech that could incite illegal activities.

4. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

   • Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

     • 14th Amendment (Equal Protection Clause)

     • The Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and declaring that "separate is not equal."

5. Baker v. Carr (1962)

   • Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

     • 14th Amendment (Equal Protection Clause)

     • The Court ruled that redistricting issues presented justiciable questions under the Equal Protection Clause, ensuring that legislative districts have approximately equal populations (one person, one vote).

6. Engel v. Vitale (1962)

   • Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

     • First Amendment (Establishment Clause)

     • The Court ruled that it was unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer, as it violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

7. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

   • Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

     • 6th Amendment (Right to Counsel)

     • 14th Amendment (Due Process Clause)

     • The Court held that the right to counsel in criminal cases is a fundamental right and must be provided to defendants, even in state courts, under the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause.

8. Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

   • Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

     • First Amendment (Freedom of Speech)

     • The Court ruled that students' rights to free speech are protected in schools, as long as it does not disrupt the educational process, thus supporting symbolic speech.

9. New York Times v. United States (1969)

   • Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

     • First Amendment (Freedom of Press)

     • The Court ruled that the government could not prevent the New York Times and Washington Post from publishing the Pentagon Papers, emphasizing the importance of a free press in a democratic society.

10. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

• Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

  • First Amendment (Free Exercise Clause)

  • The Court ruled that the state could not compel Amish children to attend school past the eighth grade, as it violated their religious beliefs protected under the Free Exercise Clause.

11. Roe v. Wade (1973)

• Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

  • 14th Amendment (Due Process Clause)

  • The Court found that a woman's right to choose an abortion was protected by the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment, interpreting it as providing a right to privacy.

12. Shaw v. Reno (1993)

• Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

  • 14th Amendment (Equal Protection Clause)

  • The Court ruled that redistricting based on race must be scrutinized under the Equal Protection Clause, as creating racially gerrymandered districts could lead to racial discrimination.

13. U.S. v. Lopez (1995)

• Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

  • Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8)

  • The Court ruled that the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 exceeded Congress's authority under the Commerce Clause, marking a limitation on federal power.

14. McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

• Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

  • 2nd Amendment (Right to Keep and Bear Arms)

  • 14th Amendment (Due Process Clause)

  • The Court incorporated the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms to apply to state and local governments through the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment.

15. Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

• Relevant Clauses/Amendments:

  • First Amendment (Freedom of Speech)

  • The Court ruled that corporations and unions could spend unlimited amounts of money on political campaigns, as political spending is a form of protected free speech under the First Amendment.

Maryland no that’s the supremacy proper Which is just like judicial review they ask about the articles one LE article section I was more worried about the Bible test, bro. I was literally like looking at that shit like the hieroglyphics crap I got an 81 OK -49 -40 90 my God so you know what happened to me go back I said that one too slow. I don’t even know what I wrote.