Ancient Greece flourished on the Greek peninsula, parts of Asia Minor, north coast of Africa, and western Mediterranean until Roman dominance in 146 AD.
Characterized by construction methods adhering to strict rules of form and proportion.
Greek civilization originated from the Dorians who defeated the Myceneans.
Greece was made up of independent city-states (polis).
Greeks worshipped numerous gods and goddesses depicted in human form.
Rituals included sacrifices, festivals, athletic competitions, and theatrical performances.
Emphasis on the potential of humanity spurred creative expression.
Belief in the ideal form as expressed by Plato.
Development of the 'nude' as a prominent artistic form, showcasing balance and moderation based on the "Golden Mean" philosophy.
Dark Age/Geometric (1000-700 BC)
Archaic (700-480 BC)
Hellenic/Classical (480-323 BC)
Hellenistic (323-31 BC)
Term refers to the period following the Bronze Age Collapse; lack of written records characterizes this era.
Features included: political fragmentation, decline in trade, economic downturn, and deterioration of material culture.
Significant architectural developments with the construction of the oldest Doric and Ionic temples.
Advancement in sculpture, notably with life-size stone statues and simplified formalized drapery.
Introduction of the Kouros figure, representing youthful males, accompanied by the Archaic Smile.
Innovations in vase painting: black and red figureware.
A period marked by increased population and the establishment of city-states, laying groundwork for Classical Greece.
Development of the Greek alphabet and earliest literature.
Era characterized by conflict (Greeks vs Persians, Athenians vs Spartans) alongside political and cultural achievements.
Foundation of Western philosophy established through Socratic thought.
Artistic developments highlighted by contrapposto in sculptures and expansion of Athenian architecture, including the rebuilt Acropolis.
Period following Alexander the Great's death, converting into a time of cultural amalgamation.
Growth of Hellenistic culture centered in cities like Alexandria and Antioch.
Sculptural renditions became more emotional and realistic.
Influenced by Egyptian styles yet evolved into a unique Greek aesthetic by the Classical period.
Characteristics included elegant curves, comfort, and functionality, avoiding over-decorative designs.
Bathron: A small table-like structure with straight legs.
Thronos: An ornately decorated throne, reserved for the elite.
Kline: A couch with a headboard and backrest, often used for lounging.
Klismos: Curved-backed chairs preferred by women, typically with cushions.
Trapeza: Functional dining tables, low and often portable.
Ancient Greeks were deeply engaged in philosophical discourse, often in public spaces like the agora.
Valued beauty expressed through varied forms of art, literature, and theater, often sharing stories and legends.