Islam quiz

**Bedouins** (Arab nomads) - from oasis to oasis with animal herds / skilled warriors

**Muhammad** - final prophet - received messages from God through Gabriel

**Sunnis** - hold the Sunnah in high regard - the caliph should have political skills

**Shias** - only Muhammad’s relatives should be caliph

**Abu Bakr** -Muhammad’s main advisor, became the first caliph

**Ali -** Muhammad’s relative, became the four and final caliph, his death starts Umayyad

**Umayyad Dynasty** - first Muslim dynasty - took over after Ali’s death

Greatest size for the Arab Muslim empire - part of Byzantine and Persia

**Abbasid Dynasty** - overthrew the Umayyads - built a new capital at Baghdad

Baghdad - center of a golden age of art, science and learning

Ended by invading Mongols that destroyed Baghdad and killed the caliph

**Ibn Sina (Avicenna)** wrote a medical encyclopedia used in Europe for 100s of years

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***Important Places***

**Mecca** - town where Muhammad was born - imp.religious center & shrine for Arabs

**Medina** - town that Muhammad migrated to after being forced to leave Mecca (Hijrah)

**Baghdad -** capital of the Abbasid dynasty, Mix of cultures - center of a golden age of art, science and learning

**Kaaba -**  Cube-like building in the courtyard of the Grand Mosque in Mecca Built by Abraham and his son Ishmael to worship God

**Oasis** (place in desert with water, usually from a spring)

**Muslims** - people who practice Islam

**Quran** - Islam’s holy book - main source of Islamic teaching / the word of God

**Hijrah** - Arabic for migration - when Muhammad and followers left Mecca to Medina

**Sunnah** - traditions of Muhammad - words and actions of him and his companions

**Hadith** - recorded sayings and actions of Muhammad - written record of Sunnah

**Allah -** Arabic for “God”

**Hajj** - one of the five pillars, pilgrimage to Mecca for Muslims

**Mosque** - Muslim house of worship - prayer hall facing Mecca

**Sharia** - Islamic law code - means “the way,” Quran and Sunnah as the sources 

\-living a proper life by follow God’s laws

**Caliphs** - led the Muslim community and empire / state run by a caliph is a caliphate

**Calligraphy** - art of decorative writing

**Arabic numerals** (0,1,2..) - introduced the number system to Europe that we use today