Classification of Matter

Pure Substance

• Elements - composed of one type or similar type of atoms (118 elements).

  • Metals - tend to lose electrons. Good electric conductibility, malleable, shiny and lustrous.

  • Nonmetals - tend to gain electrons. Lack electric conductibility, malleable, shine and lustrous.

  • Metalloid - they can behave as metals or non metals.

  • Noble gases - stable because of full outer electron shell and do not chemically readily react with other elements.

• Compound - combination of two or more atoms .

  • Ionic compound - transferring of an electrons between metals and nonmetals that create charges them.

  • Covalent compound - sharing of electrons between non metals. Due to electronegativity difference of nonmetals, the strength of attraction can be equal or non-equal.

    • Polar compound - unequal sharing of electrons. One element has higher EN than the other pulling it to its direction.

    • Non-polar compound - equal sharing of electron. Both element has equal EN.

“Likes dissolves Likes”

Mixture

• Homogenous - uniform and consistent. Composed of solute (higher concentration) and solvent (lower concentration).

  • Solutions - composed of two or more substance. In the solution, solute (substance dissolved) is evenly distributed in the solvent (substance dissolving).

• Heterogenous - non-uniform and inconsistent

  • Colloid - Particles that floats in a solution because it is too small to dissolve.

  • Suspension - Particles that settles at the bottom of a solution because it is too big to dissolve.