Ornotholgy Exam (copy)

Which of the following is NOT part of the avian beak, jaw, and palate?

tibiotarsus

The earliest birds evolved about:

150 million years ago

Which of the following types of bird would have the most muscular gizzard?

Seed eating finch

Which is the most diverse order of birds?

Passeriformes (Perching birds)

The sound-producing structure in birds is called the

Syrinx

A species found in one location and nowhere is else ___________ in that location.

Endemic

The independent evolution of similar adaptations, as seen in the use of wings for submarine flight in both penguins and auks, is known as:

Convergent evolution

Which of the following types of birds is in the group Paleognathae?

Ostriches 

Which of the following structures is responsible for grinding food?

Gizzard 

Which of the following characteristics are unique to birds among currently living animals (check all that apply)?

Feathers

Syrinx

The alula is part of the:

Wing

Which of the following evolutionary changes was most recent in the lineage of modern birds?

Loss of teeth

According to the phylogenetic tree above, which taxa do NOT have an alula?

Confuciusornis sanctus

What feature is most indicative that a feather is used for flight?

it is asymmetrical

Which characteristic in modern birds evolved first?

feathers

Gray, black, and brown pigments are produced by

Melanins

The hallux is part of the

Foot

Which taxonomic group is considered the more recent ancestor of birds?

theropod dinosaur

Which of the following types of bird would NOT be considered a part of the group "Neoaves"?

Waterfowl (ducks and geese)

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the powerful downbeat of the wing?

pectoralis majoris

Which wing type best utilizes thermals for soaring?

low aspect ratio, slotted

In the respiratory cycle of birds, the first expiration is into the:

lungs

In their long flights over the ocean, albatrosses use a form of flight called

Dynamic soaring

Which bones are part of the pectoral girdle?

Furcula, coracoid, and scapula

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the recovery stroke (upstroke) during flight?

supracoracoideus

Chemical digestion in birds usually occurs in the

Small intestine

Birds that soar generally have ___________ wing loading.

Low

How many chambers are in a bird heart?

Four

The organ mainly used for physical digestion in the bird is the:

Gizzard