A&P Exam 1 Study Guide

BIOL-231: Unit 1 Study Guide

Introduction/Cells

• Compare and contrast Anatomy and Physiology

• Explain the relationships between the levels of structural organization of the human body

• Describe the functional characteristics necessary for life

• Explain how negative and positive feedback can maintain body homeostasis

• Distinguish between different body cavities and regions

• Describe the function of the plasma membrane and key proteins found within it

• Compare and contrast the basic structure and function of intercellular junctions

• Compare and contrast diffusion, osmosis, and active transport as well as the types of carrier proteins involved in these processes

Epithelial Tissue

• List steps involved in preparing different types of tissue section for microscopy and challenges associated with sectioning solid and hollow structures

• List structural and functional characteristics of epithelial tissue

• Classify and describe types of epithelia, indicating function one location

• Compare and contrast exocrine and endocrine glands and their types and methods of secretion

• Recall the ordering of embryonic tissue layers and the mature tissues into which they differentiate

• Describe the structure and function of cutaneous, mucus, and serous membranes 

Connective Tissue

• Indicate the types and common characteristics of connective tissue

• Recall the cells that make up connective tissue and their main function

• List and describe structural elements of connective tissue including the origin and components of acellular portions (fibers and ground substance)

• Explain the relationship between scurvy, vitamin C, and collagen

• Describe functional characteristics of specific connective tissue types, and note one location in the body

• Explain the role of the perichondrium

• Compare and contrast different ways in which tissue can change during growth, repair, and loss

• Compare and contrast different types of stem cells 

• Describe the cellular events that occur during each stage of wound healing

Integumentary System

• Describe the role of cellular and acellular components of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

• Recall the layers of epidermis and their distinguishing characteristics

• Describe factors that affect variation in skin color

• Explain the structure of the hair follicle and function of associated muscles and glands

• Describe the growth cycle of hair and how it can be altered in specific disorders

• Describe the structures that make up a fingernail

• Compare and contrast the function of secretions from cutaneous glands

• Explain the different categories of burns and how they disrupt specific functions of the integumentary system

• Explain how the Rule of Nines can be used to determine the extent and severity of burns

• Compare and contrast different types of skin cancers, and recall the ABCDs of melanoma