vocab review

1. Exigence (n): an issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak.

2. Repetition (n): the deliberate use of a sound, word, phrase or sentence multiple times in near proximity, usually for emphasis (Ex. of the people, by the people, for the people)

3. Parallelism (n): Grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, etc. to give structural similarity; repetition of syntactical patterns

(ex. “She was terribly unhappy and tremendously smug about it.” “The land of the free, the home of the brave.”)

4. Syntax (n): the arrangement of words in a sentence. (Never say “the author uses syntax” -- you need to be specific!)

5. anaphora (n): the repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, phrases, clauses, or sentences. (Birmingham paragraph, “When you have...”)

(Probably won’t be on the MC but very useful in RA)

6. Diction (n): The choice and use of words in speech or writing (Note: never say “the author uses diction” -- need to be specific and give a KIND of diction -- Formal, medical, emotional, patriotic, violent, etc.)

7. Denotation (n): The literal meaning of a word; a definition

8. Connotation (n): The association or feelings a word invokes in addition to its literal meaning 9. Ambiguity (n): the quality of having double or multiple meanings; unclear (can be deliberate or accidental)

10. Inference (n): a conclusion drawn from evidence given; understanding what is meant without being directly stated

11. Rhetorical Question (n): a question asked not to be answered but to make a point

Ex. “need lI say more?” “who among us can say we are without fault?”

12. Anecdote (n): a short story about a person or incident; a short story used as an example

13. Subjective (adj): based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, opinions, etc.

14. Objective (adj): not based on feelings, tastes or opinions; impartial or neutral

15. Juxtaposition (n): the placement of 2 things side by side to emphasize contrast (ex. So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows)

List 3

1 Refutation (n) (refute, v): the action of proving a statement or theory to be wrong or false 2. Concession (n) (concede, v): acknowledgement (of something) as true, especially an opponent’s argument

3. Fallacy (n): Deceptive, misleading, or unsound argument; erroneous reasoning (ad hominem and post hoc reasoning are two types sometimes seen on AP test)

4. Claim (n, v): A main point or idea in an argument; to assert or maintain

5. Ethos (n): appeal that attempts to establish credibility or trustworthiness of the speaker

6. Pathos (n): appeal to the audience’s emotions

7. Logos (n): appeal to logic or rationality

8. Analogy (n) A comparison between two things for the purpose of explanation or clarification

9. Warrant (n): assumptions, shared beliefs and justifying principles that connect your evidence to your reasoning; these can be explicit (stated) or implicit (implied)

10. Grounds (n): evidence that supports an argument’s claim

Exigence (n): an issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak. Repetition (n): the deliberate use of a sound, word, phrase, or sentence multiple times in near proximity, usually for emphasis. Parallelism (n): grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, etc. to give structural similarity; repetition of syntactical patterns. Syntax (n): the arrangement of words in a sentence; always be specific when analyzing. Anaphora (n): the repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Diction (n): the choice and use of words in speech or writing; specify the kind of diction being used. Denotation (n): the literal meaning of a word. Connotation (n): the associations or feelings a word invokes in addition to its literal meaning. Ambiguity (n): the quality of having double or multiple meanings; can be deliberate or accidental. Inference (n): a conclusion drawn from evidence given; understanding what is meant without being directly stated. Rhetorical Question (n): a question asked not to be answered but to make a point. Anecdote (n): a short story about a person or incident used as an example. Subjective (adj): based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, opinions. Objective (adj): not based on feelings; impartial or neutral. Juxtaposition (n): the placement of 2 things side by side to emphasize contrast. Refutation (n): the action of proving a statement or theory to be wrong or false. Concession (n): acknowledgement of something as true, especially an opponent’s argument. Fallacy (n): deceptive or misleading argument; erroneous reasoning. Claim (n, v): a main point or idea in an argument; to assert. Ethos (n): appeal that establishes credibility or trustworthiness of the speaker. Pathos (n): appeal to the audience’s emotions. Logos (n): appeal to logic or rationality. Analogy (n): a comparison between two things for explanation or clarification. Warrant (n): assumptions and justifying principles connecting evidence to reasoning. Grounds (n): evidence that supports an argument’s claim.