Greek History Study Guide
Chapter 17: Greek Philosophy and Fables
What is a fable?
A fable is a short story, often featuring animals as characters, that teaches a moral or lesson.
What does “philosopher” mean in Greek?
The word "philosophy" comes from the Greek words philo (love) and sophia (wisdom), meaning "lover of wisdom."
Who are the three most famous Greek philosophers?
Socrates – Known for his method of questioning (Socratic Method).
Plato – A student of Socrates who wrote The Republic.
Aristotle – A student of Plato who studied logic, science, and ethics.
How did Aristotle explain the differences between man and animals?
Aristotle taught that humans have the ability to reason, while animals act based on instinct. He believed that this ability to think logically sets humans apart from animals.
Chapter 18: The Greek City-States and War
What happened amongst the Greek city-states after the Persian Wars?
The Greek city-states, especially Athens and Sparta, became rivals. Athens grew more powerful, which led to conflict and tension.
What was the Delian League?
It was an alliance led by Athens to continue fighting against the Persian Empire.
What was the Parthenon?
A grand temple in Athens dedicated to the goddess Athena.
What is a plague?
A plague is a deadly disease that spreads rapidly and affects many people.
Which city-states fought in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens and its allies, who were part of the Delian League: Included Ionia, the Aegean islands, and many coastal cities in Asia Minor, all of which supported Athens in its naval campaigns.
Sparta and its allies, who formed the Peloponnesian League: Included Corinth, Thebes, and other city-states in the Peloponnesian region, which aligned with Sparta due to their opposition to Athenian dominance.
Chapter 19: Alexander the Great
Who was the ruler of Macedonia that united Greece?
King Philip II of Macedonia was the first ruler to unite Greece under his rule.
Which famous philosopher taught Alexander?
Aristotle he greek I think
Who did Alexander intend to invade after becoming king?
The Persian Empire.
What was one of Alexander’s flaws?
Alexander was extremely ambitious and sometimes acted recklessly in battle. He also struggled to control his temper
How did Alexander die?
He died in Babylon, possibly from a fever, poisoning, or another illness.
What battle formation did Alexander use?
The phalanx formation, where soldiers stood tightly packed with long spears, making them hard to defeat.
Chapter 20: The Hellenistic Age
What does “Hellenistic” mean?
It means Greek culture, cities and people.
What did Alexander’s generals argue about after his death?
They argued over who would rule his vast empire and where he would be buried.
Who built the Pharos Lighthouse? Why was it important?
The Egyptians under Ptolemy II built the Pharos of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
What is a scribe?
A scribe is someone who writes and records information, often for official or scholarly purposes.
What was Ptolemy Philadelphus’ main concern for Alexandria?
He wanted to expand and improve the Library of Alexandria by adding books and translating the old testament.
Chapter 21: Greek Science and Innovation
Which philosopher influenced Euclid?
Plato.
What is geography?
The study of the Earth’s landforms, climates, and how people interact with their environment.
What weapon did Archimedes invent to defend against ships?
The sun ray. Used to point at ships to light them on fire using multiple mirrors and the light of the sun.
Who eventually conquered the Greek?
The Romans. They took advantage of the weakened Greek city-states, which had been fighting among themselves. In 146 BCE, Rome defeated Corinth, marking the end of Greek independence. Despite being conquered, Greek culture continued to influence Roman society, including their philosophy, art, architecture, and government.
EXTRA NOTES
A POLIS IS A GREEK CITY STATE
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