I

eas UNIT 2 (2.1-2)

  1. MINERALS - Building Blocks of Rocks, Occur Naturally, Inorganic, Internal Structure is in Orderly Pattern, Definite Chemical Composition
  2. CRYSTAL GROWTH - IT DESCRIBES THE GROWTH PATTERN OF THE CRYSTALS OF THE MINERAL.
  3. LUSTER - REFERS TO THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF LIGHT WHICH IS REFLECTED FROM THE SURFACE OF THE MINERAL.
  4. METALLIC LUSTER - ARE MINERALS THAT “SHINE” WHEN EXPOSED TO LIGHT.
  5. NON METALLIC LUSTER – ARE PEARLY, SILKY, VITREOUS AND RESINOUS.
  6. SUBMETALLIC LUSTER – ARE MINERALS THAT HAS SOMEWHAT METALLIC LUSTER.
  7. COLOR - IS THE VISUAL PERCEPTUAL PROPERTY CORRESPONDING IN HUMANS. UNRELIABLE
  8. STREAK - IS THE COLOR WHICH THE MINERAL DISPLAY WHEN IT HAS BEEN IN ITS POWDERED FORM. IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE MUCH RELIABLE INDICATION OF COLOR.
  9. HARDNESS - IS THE RESISTANCE OF THE MINERAL FROM BEING SCRATCHED. TO MEASURE THE HARDNESS OF THE MINERALS IT INVOLVES THE USE OF MOHS’ SCALE.
    1. FRIEDRICH MOHS - INVENTED MOHS’ SCALE.
    2. CLEAVAGE - IS THE SPLITTING OF CRYSTALS ALONG THE SMOOTH PLANE. CLEAVAGE IS THE NATURAL TENDENCY OF MINERALS TO BREAK ALONG DEFINITE SEAMS OF WEAK BONDING.
    3. FRACTURE - TAKES PLACE WHEN A MINERAL SPLITS IN A DIRECTION POSSESSING DIFFICULT INDISTINCT CLEAVAGE.
    4. CONCHOIDAL FRACTURE - RESULTS IN A SERIES OF SMOOTHLY CURVED CONCENTRIC RINGS ABOUT THE STRESSED POINT, GENERATING A SHELLLIKE APPEARANCE.
    5. IRREGULAR FRACTURE - RESULTS IN A RUGGED OR ROUGH SURFACE.
    6. SPECIFIC GRAVITY - REFERS TO THE RATIO OF THE WEIGHT OF A MINERAL TO THE WEIGHT OF AN EQUAL WATER.
    7. MAGNETISM – ABILITY TO ATTRACT OTHER MINERALS. EX. MAGNETITE
    8. ELECTRICAL PROPERTY – SOME MINERALS BECOME ELECTRICALLY CHARGED WHEN RUBBED LIKE SULFUR OR WHEN SUBJECTED TO PRESSURE LIKE QUARTZ, OR WHEN HEATED THE OPPOSITE ENDS BECOME ELECTRICALLY CHARGED LIKE TOURMALINE.
    9. MALLEABILITY – ABILITY OF MINERALS TO BE HAMMERED INTO DESIRED SHAPES. EX. SILVER AND GOLD
    10. DUCTILITY – ABILITY OF MINERALS TO BE DRAWN INTO FINE WIRES. EX. COPPER AND PLATINUM
    11. RADIOACTIVE – ABILITY OF SOME MINERALS TO EMIT RADIATION. EX. RADIUM, THORIUM, URANIUM AND COBALT
    12. ORE - REFERS TO THE TYPE OF ROCK THAT CONTAINS USEFUL METALLIC MINERALS LIKE HEMATITE (MINED FOR IRON) AND GALENA (MINED FOR LEAD), THAT CAN BE MINED FOR A PROFIT.
    13. ROCKS - HARD AND SOLID EARTH’S MATERIAL THAT MAINTAIN THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH
    14. IGNEOUS ROCKS - FORMS FROM MAGMA/LAVA THAT COOLS AND SOLIDIFIES
    15. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS OR PLUTONIC ROCKS - FORMS WHEN MAGMA COOLS SLOWLY BELOW THE EARTH'S SURFACE. MOST INTRUSIVE ROCKS HAVE LARGE, WELL-FORMED CRYSTALS
    16. EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS OR VOLCANIC ROCKS - FORMS WHEN MAGMA REACHES THE EARTH'S SURFACE A VOLCANO AND COOLS QUICKLY. MOST EXTRUSIVE (VOLCANIC) ROCKS HAVE SMALL CRYSTALS.
    17. MAGMA - • IS A MIXTURE OF MOLTEN ROCKS AND PRIMARILY ELEMENTS ARE SILICON,OXYGEN, ALUMINUM, IRON CALCIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM.
    18. BASALTIC -LOW SILICA CONTENT, LOW VISCOSITY
    19. ANDESITIC - A MEDIUM LEVEL OF SILICA CONTENT, INTERMEDIATE VISCOSITY
    20. RHYOLITIC - HIGH SILICA CONTENT, HIGH VISCOSITY
    21. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS - FORMED FROM SMALL PARTICLES OF ROCKS THAT HAVE BEEN LITHIFIED.
    22. WEATHERING - THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF ROCKS
    23. SEDIMENTS - SMALL PARTICLES OF ROCKS FROM THE WEATHERING ARE CALLED
    24. DETRITUS/DETRITAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS - IS PARTICLES OF ROCK DERIVED FROM PRE-EXISTING ROCK THROUGH PROCESSES OF WEATHERING AND EROSION.
    25. CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS - FORM BY PRECIPITATION OF MINERALS FROM WATER
    26. METAMORPHIC ROCKS - ROCKS THAT CHEMICALLY CHANGED IN FORM, STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITIONUNDER THE PROCESS OF METAMORPHISM.
    27. CONTACT METAMORPHISM – WHEN MAGMA INTRUDES INTO EXISTING ROCKS.
    28. REGIONAL METAMORPHISM – FORMED DURING MOUNTAIN BUILDING PROCESS THAT OCCURS OVER A LARGE AREA.
    29. PETROLOGIC CYCLE - TYPE OF ROCK CHANGING INTO ANOTHER TYPE OF ROCK.