Untitled Flashcards Set

What is sustainability? The quality of human life and of the environment that is not gained at the expense of the future Integration of 5 E's: Economy, environment, social equity, engagement, eternity 2. Ho do humans impact the environment? Natural, social, and economic methods 3. Planning process of identifying goals and devising a plan of management action to attain them 4. Management process of controlling interactions of people and the environment (to achieve sustainability) 5. Civil society People power 6. The market economic power 7. The state government power government have become the regulators and enforcers of environmental management 8. Carrot and stick approach Government often says we will give you funding if you comply with our federal laws, if you don't comply, they will prosecute you and fne you 9. Systematic planning Where to protect lands and restrict human activities GIS 10. Strategic planning How and what activities will achieve the outcome, management action 1 / 10 NRE 4000W Midterm Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsx8sg 11. Values Conservation is a value driven proposition People do it because it gives them moral superiority 12. Land use and local planning Parcel by parcel decisions are majority of decisions made Happens at this municipality or township level Guided by economic development not sustainability 13. Current eforts and improvements Multiple objective planning Social, economic, and political science Integration of systematic and strategic planning Risk analysis Bridging the planning-implementation gap Evaluating alternative actions and strategies 14. NEPA National Environmental Policy Act Lays out rules for how to incorporate environmental impacts and concerns in most all projects using federal funds NEPA is a planning process itself 15. The NEPA process Initiate planning process Categorical exclusion (CATEX) - Border wall, military, key infrastructure, drinking water reservoirs Environmental assessment 2 / 10 NRE 4000W Midterm Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsx8sg Environmental impact statement *To force you to fnd alternatives to cause less harm during process, rarely shuts down a project completely 16. Environmental impact statements and environmental assessments Assessments used when unsure of impacts May lead to Fonsi (fnding no signifcant impact) or EIS Impact statements required when impacts are certain and unavoidable Both documents evaluate a specifc project/action to be undertaken 17. Environmental Impact Statements Comprehensive - Larger government agencies write their own - Companies and smaller agencies often use consulting frms Often go through several versions and revisions When accepted by ruling agency (often EPA) the power of law 18. Environmental assessment Supposed to be shorted Used when impacts may be minimal, avoidable, or unknown - Can get bumped to EIS if impacts surface during assessment 19. FONSI Finding of no signifcant impact Ofcial record of decision for outcomes in which agency determined "this is not a big deal" 20. Jeopordy biological opinions If the proposed action may impact any listed plant and animal species - Consultation with the US Fish and Wildlife Service or NOAA fsheries is triggered - Outcome of consultation is a biological opinion 3 / 10 NRE 4000W Midterm Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsx8sg Determines if listed species are put in jeopardy - If decision is a big deal it is known as a "jeopardy opinion" 21. Shifting baseline syndrome In the absence of past information or experience with historical conditions, members of each new generation accept the situation in which they were raised as being normal 22. Purpose and scope of a plan Decisions to made by the plan Constraints on the planning process Audience for the plan Level of investment in the process Many problems, once they are well understood, solutions are rather obvious If we do the hard work at defning the problem, the potential solutions are easy to determine 23. Scope creep Spending time defning the purpose and scope of the planning process will pay dividends later Refer back when stuck to avoid unproductive "scope creep" - Need to be reminded to stay "on mission" 24. Constraints Plans and decisions at higher organizational levels will often constrain plans at local levels Often constraints are perceived, but may not be actual 25. Audience management techniques Focus groups Semi-structured interviews 4 / 10 NRE 4000W Midterm Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsx8sg Snowball sampling Stakeholder-led categorization Social network analysis 26. Levels of investment Risk, replication, complexity, planning as strategy levels 27. Vision statement Mission-type statement 28. Fundamental objectives Those things we want our planning and management to achieve These are not yet specifc actions...rather explicit statements of what we value Essential things that matter to decision makers Why is that important? 29. Process objectives Guides to how planning and management take place 30. Intermediate objectives Defned by the means rather than the ends 31. Three types of objectives Social: contribute to the quality of human life Environmental: biodiversity, ecosystem services Economic: what human's value, in favor of conservation 32. Indicator Measurable attribute of an objective or feature related to an object Good indicators are representative and measurable 5 / 10 NRE 4000W Midterm Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsx8sg Representative: represent the intention of the objective Measurable: planning and management cannot be held hostage by a lack of data Three types of indicators: natural, proxy, and constructed (natural scales: Units of measurement that are obvious and preexisting ways of measuring an indicator) 33. Target Quantitative statements of the outcomes we want to achieve for each objective Setting the baseline and avoiding sliding baselines (The temptation to believe that memories of the near past refect what natural abundance was) 34. HRV Historical range of variation 35. Ecological departure How far the current situation is from the HRV 36. Situation analysis Explicit articulation of how socioeconomic, political, institutional, and ecological factors drive change - Often a visual representation SWOT analysis Identify proximate and ultimate drivers of change 37. Threats Threats in environmental issues are more often stressors or impacts Often cumulative threat assessment 38. EVPI Expected value of perfect information: a quantity that is calculated to estimate the uncertainty in current information versus the reduction in uncertainty if more information was added 6 / 10 NRE 4000W Midterm Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsx8sg 39. Why planning problems are tough We have too many alternatives Human overconfdence - status quo bias, anchoring, sunk cost bias, base rate neglect, confrming evidence 40. Components of well-framed problems Objectives, options, and consequences 41. Theory of change tool Way to visualize how we think an option afects an objective through indicators Results chain 42. Predicting consequences 3 general approahces used: Direct estimates, criteria based, mathematical and statistical models 43. Consequence table Helps reduce the number of alternatives by illustrating which dominate others 44. Multi criteria decision analysis Suite of approaches that allow you to put multiple objectives into a single evaluation Basic elements: a set of criteria assign weight to criteria Combine an assessment of the performance of each option Aggregate scores for each option 45. Spatial prioritization problems Choosing where the best place is to do things can be difcult Computer aided optimization analyses 46. Trade ofs 7 / 10 NRE 4000W Midterm Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsx8sg Increasingly common and controversial Want to expose trade-ofs and deal with them head on 47. Uncertainty Presence of uncertainty makes informed decisions even more valuable, not less Incorporating the uncertainty into our plans and decisions is the best way to confront an uncertain future 48. Epistemic uncertainty Measurement error, natural variation, randomness in the environment, model uncertainty, subjective judgement 49. Linguistic uncertainty Vagueness, context dependence, under specifcity 50. Steps to addressing uncertainty 1. Acknowledgment: use probabilities, intervals and ranges, estimate likelihood of success 2. Respond: minimize uncertainty, compensate for uncertainty, live with it Minimax: Rule of thumb where you minimize the maximum loss in the worst-case scenario 51. Scenarios Scenario is a constructed manifestation of the future in which a chose alternative exists Used heavily in climate change adaptation planning 52. Structured decision making Environmental management as applied decision making A step-by-step approach to generating and evaluating policy strategies marked by: Multiple interests Multiple participants 8 / 10 NRE 4000W Midterm Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsx8sg Conficting information Uncertainty Consequence tables 53. Developing a structured process Defne problem Defne issues, objectives, and evaluation criteria Develop alternatives Estimate consequences Make tradeofs and select Implement and monitor 54. Means objectives Helps achieve something else that is important - how could we do that? 55. Characteristics of good objectives Complete Concise Controllable Understandable Preferentially independent 56. Systematic conservation planning Represents the full spectrum of biodiversity and the long-term persistence of that biodiversity in a set of reserves 57. Precautionary principle Not allowing scientifc uncertainty to prevent conservative action 58. PrOACT 9 / 10 NRE 4000W Midterm Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsx8sg Problem framing Objectives Actions Consequences Tradeofs 59. Decision analysis The structuring of a decision problem - Choices, outcomes, and values Decisions involve: - Valuing the outcomes - Predicting outcomes from alternative choices