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Introduction to Renaissance Art

• The Renaissance period marks a significant transformation in art, emphasizing humanism, classical themes, and the exploration of perspective.

Learning Objectives

• Chronology and styles of Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque, and Rococo.

• Comparison of various periods and styles, including mutual influences.

• Sources of inspiration and the impact of historical, cultural events, aesthetic views, and artistic patronage on artwork.

• Distinguishing different art disciplines and techniques.

• Correct application of art history terminology.

• Identification of significant artworks and their authors/styles.

• Recognition of prominent modern artists and understanding their timelines.

• Analysis of thematic content and iconography in artworks.

• Critical evaluation and interpretation of art pieces and phenomena.

Historical Context of Renaissance Art

Key Events leading to Renaissance

• 1401: Contest for the second doors of the Florence Baptistery.

• 1440: Introduction of moveable type by Johannes Gutenberg.

• 1453: Fall of Constantinople.

• 1492: Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus.

• 1517: Martin Luther's protest.

• 1527: Sack of Rome.

• 1545: Beginning of the Council of Trent.

The Renaissance Era

• Transition from medieval to modern art, influenced by the Crusades fostering trade and wealth in cities, signaling the decline of feudalism.

• The Renaissance had no clear start or end date; it evolved gradually.

• Generally marked as beginning in 1453 with the fall of Constantinople, where many scholars and artists migrated to Italy.

Characteristics of Renaissance Art

Major Themes

• Inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman art, including architectural orders and mythological themes.

• Revival of classical philosophy, particularly Platonic ideas.

• Shift in artistic purpose, focusing on human experience and the secular alongside religious themes.

Key Artists and Innovations

• Philippe Brunelleschi: Contributions to architecture, including linear perspective.

• Leonardo da Vinci: Emphasis on anatomy and perspective, exemplified in works like "The Last Supper" and "Vitruvian Man".

• Michał Anioł: Merging sculptures and painting with human anatomy, notable in "David" and the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

• Sandro Botticelli: Use of mythological narratives, exuding beauty and sensuality in works like "Primavera".

• Raphael: Known for his harmonious compositions and graceful figures in works like "The School of Athens".

Techniques in Renaissance Art

• Linear Perspective: Developed principles laid out by Brunelleschi and written about by Alberti.

• Sfumato: A technique particularly associated with Leonardo, allowing subtle shading.

• Contrapposto: A pose in which one part of the body is turned in opposition to another, often seen in Renaissance sculptures and paintings.

Conclusion

• Renaissance art is characterized by its revival of classical ideas, naturalism, human emotion, and the exploration of new artistic techniques, marking a significant departure from the medieval styles preceding it.

Suggestions for Further Study

• Explore artworks and styles from the subsequent Baroque and Rococo periods.

• Investigate the lives and techniques of key artists in detail.