Chapter 14 People and Terms

Zachary Taylor - nominated by the Whigs as Presidential candidate

John C. Calhoun - a pale, gray-headed figure who shivered and coughed with tuberculosis

Daniel Webster - remembered as his Seventh of March Speech

Franklin Pierce - defeated Whigs candidate General Winfield Scott

Harriet Tubman - an escaped slave from Maryland that freed 300 slaves an escaped slave from Maryland who played a crucial role in the Underground Railroad, helping to free approximately 300 slaves.

James Buchanan - bought a healthy respect for the Constitution

Stephen Douglas - promoter of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill

General Robert E. Lee - Confederate General who led the charge at Cemetery Ridge, captured John Brown before the raid occurred; commander of the Confederate forces

Jefferson Davis - rose to address the Senate

General Ulysses S. Grant - captured the river outposts of Fort Henry and Fort Danielson

General Sherman - led the devastating March to the Sea

Clara Barton - an army medical nurse, helped organize the American Red Cross; was known as the "Angel of the Battlefield"

John Wilkes Booth - shot President Lincoln in the head

Rutherford B. Hayes - known for his honesty

Booker T. Washington - the great American educator

Richmond, Virginia - where the Confederates soon moved their capital to

Fredericksburg - where Lee and Jackson defeated Burnside's Union troops

Vicksburg - served as a supply port on the Mississippi

Appomattox Court House Virginia - serves as a meeting place for Lee's surrender

Fisk/Atlanta University - founded in 1865

Tuskegee Institute - the most innovative educational institution for black Americans

Compromise of 1850 - would resolve several disputes between North and South

underground railroad - a series of secret routes leading North

Uncle Tom's Cabin - dramatized the cruelty of slavery

Kansas Nebraska Act - created two new territories

Civil- began when the first shot was fired by the Confederates

Anaconda Plan - the Union's plan to attack

Emancipation Proclamation - declared the freedom of slaves in states which had seceded from the Union

Gettysburg Address- given by Lincoln in a three-minute speech

Reconstruction Era - a difficult time period for America 

13th Amendment - outlawed slavery

Freedmen's Bureau. -  provided relief for both blacks and whites who lost everything in the war

14th Amendment - made freedmen citizens of the United States and attempted to safeguard their civil rights

Reconstruction Act of 1867. - divide former Confederacy into five military districts and appointed military officers with broad powers to govern each districts

Ku Klux Klan - a secret society nutrition to violence and cruelty to freedmen

15th Amendment - prohibited the states from denying the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

Compromise of 1877 - ended the reconstruction in the South