PMLS-2-PRELIM-22

Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2

• Instructor: ACE PHIL V. FELICIANO, RMT

• Institution: Saint Gabriel College

Course Topics

1. Understanding Phlebotomy

2. Infection Control, Safety, First Aid, and Personal Wellness

3. The Circulatory System

4. Blood Collection Equipment, Additives, and Order of Draw

5. Venipuncture Procedures

6. Pre-analytical Considerations in Phlebotomy

7. Capillary Puncture Equipment and Procedures

8. Principle and Special Collection Procedure, Special Supplies or Equipment

9. Specimen Handling and Processing

10. Preparation and Handling of Non-blood

11. Arterial Puncture Procedure

Historical Perspective of Phlebotomy

• Stone Age: Crude tools for draining blood

• Egypt (1400 BC): Leeching depicted in tomb paintings

• Hippocrates (460-377 BC): Bloodletting as a treatment for imbalances and evil spirits

Historical Context

• Middle Ages: Barber-surgeons performed bloodletting; barber pole symbolized blood

• 17th & 18th Centuries: Major use of phlebotomy; introduction of lancets, fleams, and cupping

Phlebotomy Today

• Goals: Blood diagnosis, transfusion, therapeutic purposes

• Methods: Venipuncture and capillary puncture

Phlebotomist Role

• Skills Required: Manual dexterity, communication, organization, lab knowledge, training

• Certification and Licensure: Necessary for practice; involves training and exams

Patient Interaction

• Importance: Phlebotomists often the main contact point; crucial for establishing positive relationships

• Understanding Diversity: Acknowledge patients' beliefs, values, and customs

Professional Qualities

• Attributes: Professional appearance, self-confidence, integrity, compassion, self-motivation, dependability, ethical behavior

Patients' Rights

1. Appropriate Medical Care

2. Informed Consent

3. Privacy and Confidentiality

4. Access to Information

5. Choice of Healthcare Provider

6. Self-Determination

7. Religious Beliefs

8. Medical Records

9. Right to Leave

10. Refusal to Participate in Research

11. Correspondence and Visitors

12. Expression of Grievances

13. Awareness of Rights and Obligations

Communication Components

• Types:

  • Verbal

  • Active Listening

  • Nonverbal (body language, proxemics, appearance, touch)

Phlebotomist Duties

• Collect specimens, prepare for transport, maintain confidentiality, promote relations, comply with procedures, ensure safety

Effective Communication in Healthcare

• Elements: Empathy, control, respect, trust

Healthcare Facilities Types

• Categories:

  • Inpatient (nonambulatory)

  • Outpatient (ambulatory)

• Levels of care: Primary, secondary, tertiary

Ambulatory Care

• Types: Freestanding clinics, outpatient departments, urgent care

Public Health Service

• Mission: Protect and advance national health

• Functions: Resource development, disease prevention, public education

Payment Methods

• Types: Direct and indirect payments

• Diagnosis & Billing Codes: Current procedural terminology (CPT)

Clinical Laboratory Services

• Areas: Hematology, Chemistry, Serology, Microbiology, Blood Bank

Laboratory Personnel

• Roles:

  • Director/Pathologist: Manages laboratory

  • Medical Laboratory Scientist: Conducts testing, quality control

  • Medical Laboratory Technician: Routine testing, equipment maintenance

  • Clinical Laboratory Assistant: Supports in specimen processing and testing