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Untitled Flashcards Set
Arrival of Europeans and Early American History
Q: What were the main motivations for European exploration? A: Economic gain, religious conversion, and political expansion.
Q: Describe American Indian life before European contact. A: Diverse cultures, reliance on agriculture, hunting, trade, and spirituality tied to nature.
Colonization and Early Settlements
Q: What were the economic and social conditions in Jamestown? A: Harsh winters, famine, disease, reliance on tobacco, and class struggles.
Q: What made Pennsylvania unique among the colonies? A: Religious tolerance, egalitarian principles, and positive relations with American Indians.
Q: What is the "City Upon a Hill"? A: A Puritan vision of a moral example; John Winthrop emphasized it to inspire others to follow Puritan ideals.
Q: What was the significance of the Maryland colony? A: A Catholic refuge and the first to pass a religious toleration act (1630s).
Q: What were the effects of Bacon’s Rebellion? A: Highlighted class tensions, shifted labor from indentured servants to enslaved Africans.
British Colonial Policies
Q: What was mercantilism? A: An economic policy where colonies existed to benefit the mother country through trade regulation.
Q: What were the Navigation Acts? A: Laws controlling colonial trade to enforce mercantilism.
Q: What was the Proclamation of 1763? A: A British edict forbidding colonial expansion west of the Appalachians to avoid conflicts with Native Americans.
Q: What was the Albany Plan of Union? A: A proposal for colonial unity against French threats, ultimately rejected.
Road to Revolution
Q: What was the significance of the Stamp Act Crisis? A: Highlighted differences between virtual and actual representation; led to repeal but sparked further resistance.
Q: What were the Townshend Duties? A: Taxes on imports that led to economic hardships and increased colonial resistance.
Q: What was the Boston Massacre? A: A deadly confrontation that fueled anti-British sentiment.
Q: What was the purpose of Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"? A: To advocate for American independence from Britain.
Q: What were the key ideas of the Declaration of Independence? A: Equality, inalienable rights, and grievances against King George III.
Revolutionary War Highlights
Q: Why was the Battle of Saratoga significant? A: A turning point that secured French support for the Americans.
Q: What happened at Valley Forge? A: The Continental Army endured a harsh winter and received critical training.
Q: What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown? A: It marked the British surrender and the end of the Revolutionary War.
Q: What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? A: Weak central government, inability to tax, and difficulty passing amendments.
Constitution and Early Government
Q: What was the Great Compromise? A: Created a bicameral legislature with representation by population and equal representation.
Q: What was the 3/5ths Compromise? A: Counted three-fifths of enslaved people for representation.
Q: What was Hamilton’s financial plan? A: National bank, assumption of state debts, and excise taxes; opposed by Jefferson.
Q: What did Washington warn against in his Farewell Address? A: Political parties, foreign alliances, and sectionalism.
Early Republic Challenges
Q: What were the Alien and Sedition Acts? A: Laws limiting free speech and targeting immigrants.
Q: What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions? A: Statements asserting states' rights to nullify federal laws.
Q: What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase? A: It doubled the size of the U.S. and opened new land for settlement.
Q: What was Marbury v. Madison? A: A Supreme Court case that established judicial review.
Expansion and Conflict
Q: What caused the War of 1812? A: British impressment of sailors, interference with trade, and support for Native American resistance.
Q: What was the Missouri Compromise? A: Balanced free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
Q: What was the Hartford Convention? A: New England Federalists opposed the War of 1812 and discussed secession.
Q: What were the Utopian movements? A: Efforts to create ideal societies, including abolition and women's rights.
Q: What were the Lowell Mills? A: Early industrial factories employing young women.
Jacksonian Era
Q: What was the Indian Removal Act? A: A law forcing Native Americans to relocate west of the Mississippi.
Q: What was the Nullification Crisis? A: A confrontation over states' rights and tariffs.
Q: What was the Bank Veto? A: Jackson’s rejection of the Second Bank of the United States.
Q: Who were the Whigs? A: A political party advocating for infrastructure and economic development.
Manifest Destiny and Sectional Conflict
Q: What was Manifest Destiny? A: The belief in the U.S. right to expand westward.
Q: What led to the independence of Texas? A: Tensions over slavery and Mexican laws banning it.
Q: What were the causes of the Mexican-American War? A: Border disputes and U.S. annexation of Texas.
Q: Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act significant? A: It allowed popular sovereignty to decide slavery, leading to violence.
Q: What was Bleeding Kansas? A: Violent clashes over slavery in Kansas.
Q: What was the Dred Scott Decision? A: A Supreme Court ruling that African Americans were not citizens and Congress couldn’t regulate slavery.
Q: What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850? A: A law requiring the return of escaped slaves.
Prelude to Civil War
Q: What was John Brown’s Raid? A: An attempt to start a slave uprising at Harpers Ferry.
Q: What was the Sumner-Brooks Affair? A: A violent altercation in Congress over slavery.
Q: What was the Election of 1860? A: Lincoln’s election led to Southern secession.
Q: What was the Compromise of 1850? A: Addressed slavery and territorial issues.
Q: Why was California's statehood significant? A: Its admission as a free state upset the balance.
Q: What is popular sovereignty? A: The idea that states could decide on slavery.
Q: What were communal experiments? A: Attempts to create utopian communities like Brook Farm.
Q: What was the Second Great Awakening? A: A religious revival movement promoting reform.
Q: What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention? A: It marked the beginning of the women's rights movement.
Q: What were the major excuses used by the South to defend slavery? A: Economic necessity, biblical justification, and "positive good" theory.
Q: What was Henry Clay’s American System? A: Policies promoting tariffs, a national bank, and infrastructure.
Q: What was the impact of the Gold Rush on California? A: Rapid population growth and economic boom.
Q: What caused sectional tensions in the 19th century? A: Disputes over slavery, tariffs, and state rights.
Q: How did the abolition movement gain traction? A: Through literature like "Uncle Tom’s Cabin" and activism.
Q: What was the role of the temperance movement? A: To reduce alcohol consumption and promote moral reform.
Q: What were the long-term consequences of the Civil War? A: Abolition of slavery, strengthened federal government, and Reconstruction challenges.
NoteStudied by 26 peopleNoteStudied by 13 peopleNoteStudied by 209 peopleNoteStudied by 113 peopleNoteStudied by 44 peopleNoteStudied by 9 people