F.O.I.A CHAPTER 1

Course Overview

• Course Title: Internet Fundamentals & Applications

• Prepared By: Dr. Asra Amidi

• Institution: Lincoln University College

• Copyright: ©2016-2018 Lincoln University College

Learning Outcomes

• Students will be able to:

  • Explain the function of the World Wide Web and its foundational protocols.

  • Develop and execute professional-quality web client applications.

  • Demonstrate competence working with the Document Object Model (DOM) in modern browsers.

  • Exhibit proficiency in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

  • Resolve a variety of technical problems associated with web clients.

  • Describe the generations of Internet technologies.

Lecture Schedule

• Topics Covered:

  • Introduction to Internet Fundamentals

  • Introduction to Electronic Mail

  • Website Development

  • World Wide Web

  • Internet Collaboration

  • Internet Security and Privacy

  • Internet Web Programming

  • Internet Connectivity

  • Wireless Networks

  • Modern Wireless Networking Systems

Introduction to Internet Fundamentals

• Key Topics:

  • Internet: Evolution, Advantages, and Disadvantages

  • Intranet: Benefits and Challenges

  • Intranet vs. Internet

  • Extranet: Benefits and Challenges

  • Extranet vs. Intranet

  • Internet Reference Models

  • Domain Name System (DNS) Architecture

Understanding the Internet

• Definition:

  • The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks using the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).

• IP Addresses:

  • Each computer is identified by a unique IP address, e.g., 110.22.33.114.

• Domain Name Server (DNS):

  • Resolves domain names (e.g., http://www.google.com) to corresponding IP addresses for easy access.

• Global Accessibility:

  • The Internet is accessible to users worldwide.

Evolution of the Internet

• Origins (1969):

  • Derived from ARPANET, developed by the U.S. Department of Defense.

  • Initially had four nodes (hosts) establishing communication.

• Expansion:

  • By 1972, ARPANET expanded to 23 nodes internationally, leading to the modern Internet.

• Technological Advances:

  • Development of TCP/IP protocols, DNS, WWW, browsers, and scripting languages revolutionized web access and publishing.

Advantages of the Internet

• Improvements In:

  • Education and technology

  • Access to online services and resources

Disadvantages of the Internet

• Threats Include:

  • Loss of personal information and cyber crimes

  • Incidence of spamming and virus attacks

Understanding Intranet

• Definition:

  • A private network within an organization with a server and firewall.

• Accessibility:

  • Only organizational members can access it; external access is prohibited.

• IP Addressing:

  • Each computer within the intranet has a unique IP address.

Advantages of Intranet

• Key Benefits:

  • Efficient network for internal communication

  • Facilitates immediate updates and enhances collaboration

  • Increases workforce productivity and is cost-effective

Issues with Intranet

• Concerns:

  • Management issues such as loss of control and hidden complexities

  • Security risks, including unauthorized access

  • Productivity concerns due to potential information overload

Intranet Applications

• Examples Include:

  • Document publication systems such as manuals and software guides

  • Electronic resource sharing applications for templates and tools

  • Interactive communication tools, including email and chat functionalities

  • Support for testing Internet applications

Intranet vs Internet

• Comparison:

  • Intranets: Localized, no internet access, generally more expensive, safer, and more reliable.

  • Internets: Worldwide, accessible, generally less expensive, less safe, and less reliable.

Extranet

• Definition:

  • A controlled network connecting internal and external users (customers, suppliers) for collaboration.

Benefits of Extranet

• Enhances sales effectiveness and productivity

• Provides real-time market intelligence and online support

• Integrates supply chains and allows tracking orders

Challenges of Extranet

• Key Issues Include:

  • Hosting and bandwidth costs

  • Additional security requirements leading to complexity

  • Decreased face-to-face interaction reducing communication

Extranet vs Intranet

• Comparison:

  • Extranet: Accessible externally, interconnected with suppliers/customers.

  • Intranet: Accessible only internally.

Internet Reference Models

• OSI Model:

  • Developed by ISO, it includes seven layers, each serving a specific function.

OSI Model Functions

• Layer Functions:

  • Each layer provides services to the layer above, ensuring seamless data transmission.

TCP/IP Reference Model

• Overview:

  • Practical model used in Internet; includes layers such as Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access.

Domain Name System Architecture

• Components of DNS:

  • Domain names, name servers, and their hierarchical structure.

• Domain Names:

  • Symbolic representations associated with IP addresses, e.g., com, edu, gov, etc.

DNS Functionality

• Process:

  • Translates domain names into IP addresses via multiple steps, using local and root DNS servers to resolve addresses.