History unit 5

Unit 5:1-4 Study Guide

Age of Reason/Enlightenment

1. "Age of Reason" =  intellectual and philosophical movement that swept across Europe during the 17tha and 18th centuries was characterized by a strong emphasis on reason, rationality, and pursuit of knowledge

2. Empiricism = Knowledge from sensory experiences and observations in experimentation

3. Descartes's quote: “I think, therefore I am”

4. Early pioneer of the scientific method: Francis Bacon

5. Hobbes's Social Contract book: His most famous work, “Leviathan” published in 1651 outlined his thoughts on Social Contract Theory

6. Hobbes believed life without government would be  a “nasty, brutish, and short” life for humans

7. Locke believed in Governments require consent of the governed, Government is limited in scope, Government has different branches to limit power abuse, and Individuals have a right to own the product of their work

8. Not a key idea of Locke: serfdom

9. Hobbes and Locke’s views: Hobbes and Locke’s views: Hobbes had a fairly pessimistic view of humanity as having a “nasty, brutish, and short” life without a government. He supports absolute authority in the form of a monarchy. Locke had a more optimistic view of humanity. Argues for a more limited government and more rights for the people. Does not support a monarchy as a form of government (True/False)

10. Belief in a creator God who doesn't intervene: Deism

French Revolution

11. Number of Estates in France: three

12. First Estate: the Clergy 

13. Second Estate: Nobility = could combine to outvote the Third Estate; paid almost no tax; comprised 5% of the population 

14. Third Estate: Commoners = Paid majority of taxes and held little political power

15. Third Estate made up 5% of the population

16. Third Estate paid most taxes

17. When the King called a meeting: war and raising of taxes

18. Women rioted over the price of bread

19. After King Louis’s death, Napoleon Bonaparte took over

20. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen adopted by: French revolution

21. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen is like our: Declaration of Independence

American Revolution

22. European Enlightenment Ideas caused the American Revolution: True

23. Philosopher inspiring the Declaration of Independence: John Locke

24. Treaty that ended the war and recognized U.S. independence: Treaty of Paris

25. Women rioted over bread during the French Revolution

Haitian Revolution

26. Leader of the Haitian Revolution: L'Ouverture 

27. After L'Ouverture was captured, fighting did not stop

28. Sickness that drove French troops from Haiti: yellow fever

29. “I swear before you…” was said by Simón Bolivar 1805

30. Lola Rodriguez de Tio encouraged revolution through intellect

31. Writer of Puerto Rican national anthem: Lola rodriguez de Tio 

Industrial Revolution

32. German unification: violent

33. Industrial Revolution began in: the late 18th century

34. Britain created artificial canals to link trade routes

35. Brought British textile tech to U.S.: Samuel Slater

36. Person who patented the cotton gin: Eli Whitney

37. “Ilustrados” means enlightened 

38. Wealthy free people of color in France in 1791 were granted full citizenship: true

39. All people of color in France in 1791 were granted full citizenship: false

40. Poor people of color in France in 1791 were granted full citizenship: false

41. The Industrial Revolution led to the factory