Untitled Flashcards Set

Thomas Jefferson's Presidency (1801-1809)

1. Election of 1800

   • Description: Jefferson's election marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the U.S.

   • Significance: Established a precedent for democratic transitions; known as the "Revolution of 1800."

2. Marbury v. Madison (1803)

   • Description: Supreme Court case that established judicial review.

   • Significance: Strengthened the power of the judiciary by enabling it to declare laws unconstitutional.

3. Louisiana Purchase (1803)

   • Description: Jefferson bought the Louisiana territory from France.

   • Significance: Doubled the size of the U.S., increasing land for agriculture and westward expansion.

4. Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804)

   • Description: Explorers commissioned to map and explore the Louisiana Territory.

   • Significance: Provided valuable information about the western territories and helped foster westward expansion.

5. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)

   • Description: British warship attacked the American Chesapeake, seizing sailors.

   • Significance: Increased anti-British sentiment, contributing to the War of 1812.

6. Embargo Act (1807)

   • Description: Banned American ships from trading in foreign ports.

   • Significance: Attempted to pressure Britain and France but hurt the U.S. economy significantly.

James Madison's Presidency (1809-1817)

7. Madison elected President (1808)

   • Description: Madison wins the presidency as a Democratic-Republican.

   • Significance: His leadership led to involvement in the War of 1812.

8. Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

   • Description: Replaced the Embargo Act, allowing trade with all countries except Britain and France.

   • Significance: An attempt to maintain neutrality while avoiding economic harm.

9. Causes of the War of 1812

   • Description: Issues included British impressment of American sailors and interference in U.S. trade.

   • Significance: Led to the War of 1812, affirming U.S. independence.

10. Battle of New Orleans (1815)

    • Description: Final major battle of the War of 1812, led by Andrew Jackson.

    • Significance: Boosted American morale and Jackson's popularity, even though it occurred after the treaty was signed.

11. Hartford Convention (1815)

    • Description: Federalist meeting to discuss opposition to the War of 1812.

    • Significance: Led to the decline of the Federalist Party as they were seen as unpatriotic.

12. Results of the War of 1812 (1815)

    • Description: Treaty of Ghent ended the war, with no boundary changes.

    • Significance: Affirmed American sovereignty and boosted national pride.

James Monroe's Presidency (1817-1825)

13. Era of Good Feelings (1816-1824)

    • Description: Period marked by national unity and a single political party.

    • Significance: Symbolized national purpose and the decline of the Federalist Party.

14. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

    • Description: Supreme Court case upholding federal power over state power.

    • Significance: Affirmed the constitutionality of the national bank.

15. Missouri Compromise (1820)

    • Description: Agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

    • Significance: Temporarily maintained the balance between slave and free states.

16. Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt (1822)

    • Description: Planned slave revolt in Charleston, South Carolina.

    • Significance: Heightened fears of slave rebellions and led to stricter laws.

17. Monroe Doctrine (1823)

    • Description: U.S. policy opposing European colonization in the Americas.

    • Significance: Established U.S. influence in the Western Hemisphere.

18. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

    • Description: Supreme Court case on interstate commerce.

    • Significance: Strengthened federal control over interstate trade.

19. Charles Finney and the 2nd Great Awakening (1825)

    • Description: Religious revival promoting social reforms.

    • Significance: Encouraged abolitionism and women's rights.

John Quincy Adams' Presidency (1825-1829)

20. Election of 1824 ("Corrupt Bargain")

    • Description: Controversial election where John Quincy Adams was elected by the House.

    • Significance: Allegations of a “corrupt bargain” damaged Adams’s presidency.

21. Tariff of Abominations (1828)

    • Description: High tariff to protect northern industries.

    • Significance: Led to Southern opposition and the Nullification Crisis.

Andrew Jackson's Presidency (1829-1837)

22. Election of Andrew Jackson (1828)

    • Description: Jackson wins on a platform supporting the "common man."

    • Significance: Marked the rise of Jacksonian democracy.

23. Indian Removal Act (1830)

    • Description: Law forcing relocation of Native Americans westward.

    • Significance: Led to the Trail of Tears and displacement of Native Americans.

24. Nullification Crisis (1832)

    • Description: South Carolina attempted to nullify the Tariff of Abominations.

    • Significance: Highlighted tensions over state vs. federal authority.

25. Jackson vetoes the Re-Charter of the Bank of the U.S. (1832)

    • Description: Jackson’s refusal to renew the national bank’s charter.

    • Significance: Led to economic instability and the Panic of 1837.

26. Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

    • Description: Supreme Court case affirming Native American sovereignty.

    • Significance: Ignored by Jackson, leading to forced removal of Native tribes.

27. William Lloyd Garrison and the Antislavery Movement (1833)

    • Description: Abolitionist leader and publisher of The Liberator.

    • Significance: Helped galvanize the abolitionist movement.

28. Specie Circular (1836)

    • Description: Jackson’s policy requiring payment in gold or silver for public land.

    • Significance: Contributed to the Panic of 1837.

29. Battle of the Alamo (1836)

    • Description: Texan defenders fought against Mexican forces.

    • Significance: Became a rallying cry for Texan independence.

30. Texas Declares Independence (1836)

    • Description: Texas declared independence from Mexico.

    • Significance: Led to the Texas Republic and eventual U.S. annexation.

John Tyler's Presidency (1841-1845)

31. U.S. Annexation of Texas (1845)

    • Description: Texas was annexed and became a U.S. state.

    • Significance: Increased tensions with Mexico, leading to the Mexican-American War.

James K. Polk's Presidency (1845-1849)

32. Manifest Destiny (1845)

    • Description: Belief that U.S. was destined to expand across the continent.

    • Significance: Justified expansion and fueled conflicts with Native Americans and Mexico.

33. Causes of the Mexican-American War (1846)

    • Description: Border disputes and U.S. desire for western territories.

    • Significance: Led to war, with significant territorial gains for the U.S.

34. Wilmot Proviso (1846)

    • Description: Proposal to ban slavery in any territory gained from Mexico.

    • Significance: Heightened tensions over slavery in new territories.

35. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

    • Description: Ended the Mexican-American War, with Mexico ceding large territories.

    • Significance: Expanded U.S. territory significantly, including California and New Mexico.

36. Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

    • Description: First women's rights convention in the U.S.

    • Significance: Marked the start of the women’s suffrage movement.