Alexander III took strong measures to put down the revolutionaries. On published materials and written papers, including private communications, he imposed severe censorship regulations.
Russians were dissatisfied with the country's rapid industrialisation. Factory expansion brought with it additional issues such as dreadful working conditions, pitifully low wages, and child labor.
On January 22, 1905, 200,000 workers and their families gathered in front of the Winter Palace of the Czar in St. Petersburg.
Nicholas II made the disastrous decision to enlist Russia in World War I in 1914. Russia was unprepared to deal with the financial and military implications.
The German army was no match for its weak generals and ill-equipped troops. Thousands of Russians were killed by German machine fire as they advanced.
Terror and violence are used by totalitarian dictators to compel conformity and suppress dissent.
The police are normally expected to respond to criminal behavior and protect the public. In a totalitarian regime, the police are responsible for enforcing the policies of the central government.
To persuade people to accept specific beliefs or activities, totalitarian nations broadcast propaganda, which is slanted or incomplete information.
To keep his control, Stalin established a police state. To quell rioting, Stalin's secret police employed tanks and armored cars.
All newspapers, motion pictures, radio, and all forms of media were under the supervision of Stalin's regime.
Under Stalin, the government was in charge of all aspects of education, from kindergarten to university.
Communists sought to replace religious teachings with communist ideas.
The government and the League of the Militant Godless, an officially supported group of atheists, promoted anti-religious propaganda during Stalin's reign.
In 1917, the Chinese government declared war on Germany, hoping for an Allied victory.
Sun Yixian and his Nationalist Party established a government in south China when the Chinese Communist Party was emerging.
Jiang first put his concerns with the Communists aside. The warlords were defeated by Jiang's Nationalist forces and the Communists working together.
The vast majority of Indians were uninterested in nationalism before World War I. Over a million Indians recruited in the British army, which transformed the situation.
Gandhi urged Indians not to buy British goods, send their children to British schools, pay British taxes, or vote in British elections.
Gandhi's weapon of civil disobedience cost the British a lot of money. They battled to keep trains running, factories open, and packed prisons from overflowing.
Except for Turkey, the Ottoman Empire was compelled to surrender all of its possessions at the end of World War I.
Prior to World War I, both the United Kingdom and Russia had created spheres of influence in Persia.
While nationalism became a more powerful force in Southwest Asia, the region's economy was changing as well.
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