Chemistry Unit Student Booklet 2017

Unit 1: Energy and Matter in Chemical Change

Introduction

• Conceptual Cartoon: Imagery depicting a humorous view of atomic interactions.

• Theme: Understanding the foundational aspects of chemistry from particle behavior to chemical reactions.

Key Concepts and Learning Goals

• Focusing Questions:

  • How has knowledge of the structure of matter led to scientific advancements?

  • How do elements combine, and can these combinations be classified, predicted, and quantified?

  • Why do scientists classify chemical changes and use nomenclature?

• Key Concepts:

  • Understanding chemical substances and their relevance to human needs.

  • Familiarity with WHMIS for safe chemical handling.

  • Knowledge of IUPAC nomenclature for compounds, acids, and bases.

  • Identifying evidence for chemical changes and the importance of classification.

  • Mastery in writing and balancing chemical equations.

  • Application of the Law of Conservation of Mass and mole concept.

• Learning Goals:

  • Describe basic particles in matter.

  • Explain how elements combine, focusing on IUPAC rules.

  • Classify and write equations for significant chemical reactions.

  • Predict solubility and relate concepts to societal impacts of chemicals.

Learning Goal 1: Basic Particles of Matter

• Evidence Role: Development of atomic models (e.g., Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr).

• Careers in Chemistry: Importance of industries like chemical engineering, food processing, etc.

Learning Goal 2: Elemental Combinations

• WHMIS Guidelines: Safety protocols in handling chemicals.

• IUPAC System: Importance of systematic naming for clear communication among scientists.

• Compound Formation: Explanation of how elements combine in specific ratios and the principles of ionic and molecular compounds.

• Classification: Ability to identify ionic compounds, acids, and bases based on properties.

Learning Goal 3: Chemical Changes and Equations

• Examples of Reactions: Crucial chemical reactions affecting societal systems (e.g., photosynthesis).

• Chemical Change Evidence: Identifying changes through energy variations, gas formation, color changes, and temperature variations.

• Endothermic vs. Exothermic: Reading energy flow in reactions.

• Classifying Reactions: Forming rules and category identification such as synthesis, decomposition, combustion, and replacements.

Related Concepts and Vocabulary

• Key Terms to Understand:

  1. WHMIS

  2. Polyatomic ion

  3. Chemical Reaction

  4. Acid & Base

  5. Mixtures: Homogeneous & Heterogeneous

  6. Law of Conservation of Energy and Mass

Lesson 1: Understanding Matter

• Matter Definition: Anything that occupies space and has mass.

• Physical vs. Chemical Properties: How substances interact and the changes they undergo.

• Substance Classifications:

  • Elements: Simplest form of matter.

  • Compounds: Two or more elements chemically bonded.

Separation Techniques for Matter

• Mechanical: Pick out components manually.

• Filtration: Separate solids from liquids.

• Chromatography: Separation based on different rates of movement through a medium.

Atomic Theories and Models

• Review of historical atomic theories: Dalton, Thomson (plum pudding model), Rutherford (nucleus discovery), Bohr (energy levels).

• Understanding the modern atomic theory with subatomic particles: Protons, Neutrons, Electrons.

Lesson 3: Periodic Table Overview

• Classification of elements: Metals, non-metals, metalloids.

• Importance of element families: Trends in reactivity, properties, and uses.

Mole Concept and Calculations

• Avogadro’s Number (6.022 x 10^23) and its significance: Indicates number of particles in a mole.

• Mass-to-Mole and Mole-to-Mass Conversions: Formulas based on arithmetic principles and the periodic table for calculating quantities.

Chemical Compounds Overview

• Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds: Key differences and properties.

• Ionic compounds formed through electron transfers; molecular compounds formed by sharing electrons.

Chemical Reactions Types

• Overview of reactions: Synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single & double replacement, and their equations.

Acids and Bases

• Defining properties and characteristics of acids and bases with real-world examples.

• Understanding pH scale and behaviors in solution.

Summary

• Scientific Notation and Significant Figures: Essential for precise communication in scientific measurements.

• Units of Measurement: Importance of the mole & its application in defining quantities of matter.

Final Notes

• Grasping these concepts forms the foundation for advancing in chemistry and understanding its applications in various fields, including environmental science, biology, and industrial processes.