Charles II & James II

• Neither had any use for Parliament

• Wanted absolute monarchs

• No sympathy for colonial assemblies

• Decreased Colonial rule

Dominion of New England

• Consolidated northern colonies into New England

• Placed under rule of Sir Edmund Andros

• Edmund told colonists they had no privileges other than not being sold as slaves

Glorious Revolution

• William and Mary end James II’s rule in bloodless revolution

• Soldiers defected to Mary’s side and James fled

• England Bill of Rights(1689) limited the monarchy

• Boston militia immediately arrested Edmund

• Massachusetts stayed under control of England

Leisler’s Rebellion

• New York militia seized main front

• Leisler took command of colony, repaired defenses, and called for local elections

• Refused to allow British troops into harbour

• Was later arrested and hanged for treason

William and Mary

• Ruled under “voluntary association” versus absolute rule (except Massachusetts)

• Colonies thrived under elected assemblies and religious freedom

King William’s War

• AKA: War of League of Augsburg

• First war involving colonists in European affairs

• New England invaded Canada in Montreal and Quebec- both attempts failed

• Canada: 2, US: 0

Queen Anne’s War

• AKA: War of Spanish Succession

• French and Indian raiders hit Maine and Massachusetts destroying towns on Native lands

• Spanish invaded Carolina and nearly took Charles Town

Mercantilism

• Politics aimed at making a nation as economically self-sufficient as possible by eliminating dependence on foreign suppliers and damaging competitors

Navigation Acts

• 1651- colonial trade carried on England or colonial owened ships to keep trade from Dutch

• 1660-1663- colonies can only export sugar to England

• 1750’s America owns 1/3 of Britain‘s ships

• Rice, indigo, silk, wheat, tar, and turpentine get added to the list for exclusive trade with England

• Lessened colonial profits by 3%

• Encouraged colonial diversification

• Cheap consumer goods flooded colonies which lead to consumer revolution

• Income in colonies doubled as fast as in England

• Colonies quadrupled in size and hit 1 million

New Immigrants

• English immigrants decreased

• Rise in number of Irish, Scottish, and German immigrants

• Some came as indentured servants, but served less than four years

English Convicts

• Sent in 1660‘s

• 1718-1738: 30,000 thieves sent over for petty crimes

• Sold as laborers, most became farmers when their indentured sentence was up

• Ben Franklin suggested we send rattlesnakes to Britain in exchange for the convicts

Colonial Daily Life

• More money coming into the colonies only served to create larger class differences

• Many couldn‘t find work

• Lives of the slaves became worse

Stono Rebellion

• Slave uprising in South Carolina in 1739

• 80 slave men armed with guns tried to escape to Florida

• Burned 7 plantations and killed 20 whites

• Cut down by militia

• Heads cut off and put on pikes surrounding Charles Town to teach a lesson

• Other rebellion ended similarly

Georgia (1740)

• Founded by James Oglethorpe

• Filled with debtors from England and served as a buffer colony

• Only colony where slavery was outlawed

• Slavery hurt the poor farmers Oglethorpe was trying to help

• Slave uprisings only aided the Spanish in Florida

• Restrictions on slavery were lifted in 1750

Spanish Florida

• Offered freedom to runaway slaves

• Saw founding of Georgia as a threat

• Florida was sparsely populated, about 1500 Spanish in 1700

Enlightenment

• Intellectual movement

• Spread by English preacher George Whitefield

• Involved many more colonists in politics, and new religious movements

• Result: creation of the “Public”

• Colonial women and men had higher literacy rates than England: about 25% higher

• Books, newspaper, and writing paper opened the way for new ideas

• Confidence in human reason and skepticism towards things not founded in science

Power of the Purse

• Colonial governors appointed by crown but were paid by elected legislatures

• Many of them were loyal to colonies

• Colonies were in control of everything except for trade, printing money, and declaring war

Colonial Politics

• Colonial legislatures became major a political force

• Wealthy were in charge of politics

• Poor classes couldn’t afford to hold office or vote

• Little interest in politics- grew rapidly

Benjamin Franklin

• 1732- began publishing Poor Richards Almanac

• Profits from his book allowed him to retire at 42

• Devoted the rest of his life to science and community service

• 1752- discovered that lightning is electricity

Great Awakening

• Protestant revivalism

• Crossed lines of class, gender, and race

• Played on emotion

• Famous sermon “Sinners in the Hands of God“- John Edwards

• Whitefield spread the message by going on tour

• Old Lights: rationalist clergy in Anglican, Presbyterian, and Congregational churches

• New Lights: revivalists

  • eventually win the numbers game(population)

  • Presbyterians go New Light

  • Baptists join soon after

  • Methodists were later founded

Result

• Weakening of established denominations

• Founding of new colleges because of the need for new preachers

  • Princeton, Brown, etc. (Most Ivy Leagues)

• Impacted the Africans and Indians

• Women were now allowed to speak and vote in church matters

• Laid the groundwork for average people to speak against authority

Recap:

• Glorious Revolution= foundation for representative government

• Enlightenment= intellectual movement

• Great Awakening= religious revival

• Enlightenment & Great Awakening= general questioning of those in authority