10. raises blood calcium levels by causing bones to release calcium into the blood. Calcium is necessary for nerve function, blood clotting, growth of bones and teeth.

Highlight the correct answer.

1. Substances secreted in one part of an organism that then have a regulatory effect on some other part are called:

(1) enzymes (3) hormones

(2) neurotransmitters (4) pheromones

2. Which glands secrete their chemicals directly into the circulatory fluid?

(1) endocrine (3) sweat

(2) salivary (4) tear

3. Metamorphosis of an insect, such as a butterfly, is regulated so that it occurs at the proper stage of the animal’s development. This regulation is effected by means of:

(1) daily changes in the amount of light

(2) sudden changes in air temperature

(3) stimulation of the CNS

(4) activity of special hormones

4. Endocrine responses differ from nerve responses in that endocrine responses are:

(1) more rapid

(2) electrical in nature

(3) carried by neurons

(4) of longer duration

5. Immediately after a frightening experience, a person’s blood is likely to show higher than normal concentrations of:

(1) antigens (3) enzymes

(2) nucleic acids (4) hormones

6. Compared with the response to a nerve impulse, the response to a hormone is usually:

(1) longer duration & more widespread in effect

(2) longer duration & less widespread in effect

(3) shorter duration & more widespread in effect

(4) shorter duration & less widespread in effect

7. The hormone most closely associated with the control of calcium metabolism in man is produced by the:

(1) adrenal glands (3) pancreas

(2) parathyroid glands (4) ovaries

8. Which hormone is not involved in the control of glucose metabolism?

(1) adrenaline (3) insulin

(2) parathormone (4) glucagon

9. Which gland produces estrogen?

(1) ovaries (3) thyroid

(2) parathyroid (4) pancreas

10. If the amount of sugar in the blood is low, the islets of Langerhans will:

(1) secrete insulin

(2) secrete glucagon

(3) secrete pancreatic juice

(4) become inactive

11. The homeostatic level of the blood sugar is primarily maintained through the combined action of:

(1) glucagon and testosterone

(2) insulin and parathormone

(3) adrenaline and estrogen

(4) insulin and glucagon

12. An important function of the gonads is addition to the production of gametes is the:

(1) development of the embryo

(2) differentiation of germ layers

(3) elimination of cellular wastes

(4) secretion of hormones

13. Some men develop a heavy beard growth. The hormone that is most probably responsible for this beard growth is:

(1) testosterone (3) cortin

(2) parathormone (4) estrogen

For each glandular function in questions 14 through 17, select the number of the gland tissue, chosen from the list below, which is most closely associated with that function.

Gland Tissue

(1) Adrenal

(2) Islets of Langerhans

(3) Parathyroid

(4) Pituitary

(5) Thyroid

14. Secretes a hormone which causes the heart to beat more rapidly in an emergency.

15. Secretes a hormone which most directly regulates the rate of metabolism in body cells.

16. Secretes the hormone glucagon, which stimulates the discharge of glucose from the liver into the blood.

17. Stimulates the secretion of those hormones which regulate gamete maturation.

18. Homeostasis in the human body is illustrated by the effect of insulin upon the:

(1) absorption of proteins by villi

(2) concentration of glucose in the blood

(3) constant temperature of the body

(4) synthesis of vitamin A from carotenes

19. The nervous and endocrine systems in humans are similar in that both

(1) secrete chemical

(2) operate at the voluntary as well as the involuntary level

(3) use highly specialized pathways

(4) respond very rapidly to stimuli

20. Adrenaline:

(1) has no effect on the body

(2) is secreted by the adrenal glands

(3) is secreted by the pituitary

(4) is secreted by the hypothalamus

21. The passage of glucose into the body cells and its conversion to glycogen:

(1) is promoted by insulin

(2) is promoted by glucagon

(3) is promoted by parathormone

(4) occurs too rapidly in diabetics

22. Which factor is a major cause of the changes that occur during puberty, the years when the rate of human physical growth increases and reproductive maturity occurs?

(1) change in the gene sequences in reproductive cells

(2) changes in some hormone levels

(3) an increase in meiosis in body cells

(4) a decrease in the rate of metabolism

23. Failure of the human body to metabolize calcium properly is most closely associated with malfunctioning of the:

(1) parathyroids (3) adrenals

(2) thyroid (4) pancreas

24. The body normally responds to low concentrations of sugar in the blood by secreting:

(1) insulin (3) estrogen

(2) testosterone (4) glucagon

25. Contributes in greatest measure to the regulation of heartbeat, blood sugar levels, and blood clotting rates.

(1) Adrenaline (3) Thyroxin

(2) ACTH (4) Estrogen

Next to each gland, write the name of the hormone(s) it produces.

1. pituitary: FSH, GH, TSH

2. thyroid: thyroxin

3. parathyroid: parathormone

4. adrenal: adrenaline, aldosterone cortisol

5. pancreas: glucagon, insulin

6. testes: testosterone

7. ovary: estrogen, progesterone

Next to each of the functions listed below, write the name of the hormone that produces this effect.

8. raises the blood sugar level and increases the heartbeat and breathing rates: ADRENALINE

9. causes glucose to be removed from the blood and stored: INSULIN

10. influences the development of female secondary sex characteristics: ESTROGEN

11. promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose: GLUCAGON

12. controls the metabolism of calcium: PARATHORMONE

13. promotes the reabsorption of sodium and potassium ions by the kidney: ALDOSTRONE

14. influences the development of male secondary sex characteristics: TESTOSTERONE

15. stimulates the elongation of the long bones of the body: GH

16. prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized egg: PROGESTERONE

17. regulates the rate of metabolism in the body: THYROXIN

18. stimulates the development of eggs in the female’s ovary: ESTROGEN

19. involved in the regulation of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism: CORTISOL

20. stimulates the production of thyroxin: TSH

Vocabulary Review: Write the vocabulary terms that fit the following descriptions.

1. Hormones are carried by this system.

Circulatory system

2. The iodine-containing hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.

Thyroxin

3. The tiny, oval gland that regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism.

Parathyroid

4. The hormone secreted by the adrenal glands in times of sudden distress.

Adrenaline

5. The master gland of the body that controls the activity of several other endocrine glands.

Pituitary

6. The pituitary hormone that stimulates production and release of hormones from the ovaries.

` FSH

7. A cluster of hormone-secreting cells in the pancreas.

Langerhans Islet

8. The hormone secreted by the pancreas that lowers the blood glucose level.

Insulin

9. The hormone secreted by the pancreas that raises the blood glucose level.

Glugagon

10. The hormone secreted that controls the development of secondary sex characteristics in males.

Testosterone

Match the endocrine gland with the hormone that it produces. You may use a gland more than once.

A. adrenal C. parathyroid E. testes G. pancreas

B. thyroid D. pituitary F. ovaries

1. follicle-stimulating hormone D 5. thyroid-stimulating hormone D

2. glucagon G 6. adrenaline A

3. cortisol A 7. insulin G

4. thyroxin B 8. parathormone C

1. How are the nervous system and the endocrine system similar?

They both maintain homeostasis, regulate the body

2. List 3 ways the nervous system and endocrine system are different.

The endocrine system has hormones, longer, longer lasting

The nervous system has neurons

The nervous system is quick-acting and short-lasting

3. Why are endocrine glands called ductless glands?

Hormones are carried in the blood, there is no direct pathwat

4. What hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland, and what is its function?

Thyroxin regulates the rate of metabolism in the body

5. How is the secretion of thyroxin regulated?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

6. Where are the parathyroid glands located? What is the function of parathormone?

They are found the thyroid gland

7. List the major hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.

TSH, GH, FSH

8. Name the two hormones secreted by the islets of Langerhans, and describe their functions.

Insulin, glucogen insulin lowers blood sugar levels while glucogen raises them.

9. Explain how the pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.

It is located in the endocrine system to secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon, and it is exocrine because it releases substances through openings.

Each case described below involves a hormone imbalance. Tell which hormone is involved, from which gland it is made, and whether there is an over secretion or under-secretion.

10. A person’s bones are very brittle and break easily.

Parathormone, parathyroid glands, oversecretion

11. A child is abnormally small for his age and does not seem to be growing.

GH, pituitary, under-secretion

12. A person’s urine shows an abnormally high concentration of glucose.

Insulin, Islets of lager have, under-secretion

Note