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Phylogenetic Trees and Systematics
Phylogenetic Trees and Systematics
Phylogeny
: Evolutionary history and relationships among organisms, represented as phylogenetic trees.
Phylogenetic Tree Structure
:
Node
: Point where a lineage splits; represents an ancestor.
Branch
: Line that connects nodes, showing relationships.
Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)
: The youngest common ancestor for a group; shown at node intersections.
Comparison of Relationships
: Determines closeness between taxa by the depth of their MRCA; shallower MRCA indicates closer relation.
Estimating Phylogenies
: Uses character similarities to differentiate taxa into homology (common ancestry) and analogy (convergent evolution).
Characters
: Traits used to group organisms. Can be classified as ancestral (older) or derived (newer).
Molecular Systematics
: Utilizes DNA sequence data for phylogenetic studies.
Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT)
: Transfer of genes across different species complicating evolutionary relationships.
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