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Unit 2 Chemistry

Describe basic atomic structure.

  • They have smaller particles called neutrons (neutral), electrons (negative), & protons (positive). electrons are outside on the the nucleus, which consists of neutrons & protons. protons & neutrons have the same mass (1 amu)

  • atomic # of any atom is equal to the number of protons in nucleus

  • mass # of any atom is the sum of the masses of protons & neutrons

Define the terms molecule, element, compound, mixture, solution, solvent and solute and give examples of each.

  • Molecule: a combination of 2+ atoms held together by chemical bonds

  • Element: a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions (Na)

  • Compound: 2+ different kinds of atoms bind

  • Mixture: substance composed of 2+ components physically intermixed (solution, colloids, suspensions)

    • solution: solute is very tiny & doesn't settle out/scatter light (mineral water)

    • colloid (emulsions): (heterogeneous) solutes are larger so they scatter light, but donā€™t settle (paint)

    • suspension: (heterogeneous) solutes is very large, settle, & may scatter light (blood)

  • Solution: homogeneous mixtures of components that may be liquid, gas, or solids

  • Solvent: substance present in the greatest amount (usually liquids) (water)

  • Solute: substance present in smaller amounts (salt)

Describe and give examples of covalent (non-polar and polar), ionic and hydrogen bonding.

  • covalent:

    • polar:

    • non-polar:

  • ionic:

  • hydrogen:

Describe water as an inorganic compound and universal solvent.

List the major elements present in the body.

  • Oxygen: 65%

  • Carbon: 18.5%

  • Hydrogen: 9.5%

  • Nitrogen: 3.2%

Discuss and give examples of the most important carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids found in the body and relate these substances to specific body structures or functions.

Describe intermediary metabolism.

Describe pH scale, acids and bases