Digestive GQ
Topic | Details |
Segments of digestive/alimentary canal | Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum |
Digestive glands | Salivary glands, liver, pancreas |
Accessory digestive structures in the mouth | Teeth, tongue, salivary glands |
Segments of esophagus | Cervical, thoracic, abdominal |
Concentric layers of esophagus | Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia/serosa |
Parts of stomach in monogastric animals | Cardia, fundus, body (corpus), pylorus |
Sphincters of stomach | Cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal), pyloric sphincter |
Concentric layers of stomach, small intestine, and large intestine | Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa/adventitia |
Secretions of parietal and chief cells of the stomach | Parietal cells: hydrochloric acid (HCl), intrinsic factor; Chief cells: pepsinogen, gastric lipase |
Surfaces of stomach | Anterior, posterior |
Extremities of stomach | Cardiac end, pyloric end |
Cardia and pylorus directed to what side of the body | Cardia: left side; Pylorus: right side |
Peritoneal folds of stomach | Greater omentum, lesser omentum |
Segments of small intestine | Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
Describe duodenum | C-shaped, shortest part, receives chyme from stomach, bile, and pancreatic secretions |
Describe jejunum | Middle section, thicker wall, more vascularized, primary site of nutrient absorption |
Describe ileum | Longest part, thinner walls, contains Peyer’s patches, ends at ileocecal junction |
Fixed part of small intestine | Duodenum (fixed to the posterior abdominal wall) |
Mesenteric parts of small intestine | Jejunum, ileum |
Double layer of peritoneum wherein the mesenteric part of small intestine is connected | Mesentery |
Villi from Peyer's patches | Found in ileum, involved in immune response |
Ducts that open into small intestine | Common bile duct, pancreatic duct |
Segments of large intestine | Cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid), rectum |
Longitudinal bands that run along the outside of intestine | Teniae coli |
Sacculations caused by constriction of intestine | Haustra |
Parts of colon | Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon |
Sphincter muscles of anus | Internal anal sphincter (involuntary), external anal sphincter (voluntary) |
Principal types of salivary glands in animals | Parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), sublingual |
Types of salivary secretions | Serous, mucous, mixed |
Structural unit of the liver | Lobule |
Main lobes of the liver | Right lobe, left lobe |
Surfaces of the liver | Diaphragmatic surface, visceral surface |
Structures that enter the porta | Hepatic artery, portal vein, nerves |
Enzymes secreted by the pancreas | Amylase, lipase, proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin), nucleases |
Structures that leave the porta | Hepatic veins, bile ducts |
Ligaments of the liver | Falciform ligament, round ligament (ligamentum teres), coronary ligament |
Cells and respective secretions of the islets of Langerhans | Alpha cells (glucagon), beta cells (insulin), delta cells (somatostatin), PP cells (pancreatic polypeptide) |
Surfaces of pancreas | Anterior, posterior, inferior |
Borders of pancreas | Superior, anterior, inferior |
Surfaces of spleen | Diaphragmatic surface, visceral surface |
Borders of spleen | Superior, inferior |
Extremities of spleen | Anterior (upper pole), posterior (lower pole) |
Types of Teeth: Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars
Surfaces of Teeth: Occlusal, Buccal, Lingual, Mesial, Distal
Layers of Teeth: Enamel, Dentin, Pulp, Cement
Nipper Teeth: Incisors
Dental Pad is Present in These Animals: Ruminants (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats)
Holding Teeth: Canines
Grinding Teeth: Premolars, Molars
In Horses, the 1st Premolar Whenever Present is Called: Wolf tooth
Cutting Teeth: Incisors
2 Carnassial Teeth in Dogs: Upper 4th premolar and lower 1st molar
Portion of Tooth Covered by Enamel: Crown
Portion of Tooth Covered with Cement: Root
Line of Junction Between the Crown and Root of Teeth: Cementoenamel junction
Center of Tooth: Pulp cavity
Blood Supply of Teeth is Derived From: Maxillary artery (via the dental branches)
Parts of Tongue: Apex, Body, Root
Main Types of Papillae: Filiform, Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate
Motor Nerve Supply of Tongue: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Sensory Nerve Supply of Tongue: Lingual nerve (V3), Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), Vagus nerve (X)
Differentiate Anterior from Posterior Pillar of Soft Palate: Anterior pillar: from soft palate to uvula; Posterior pillar: from soft palate to pharynx
Surfaces of the Soft Palate: Oral surface, Nasal surface
Bony Basis of Hard Palate: Maxilla, Palatine bones
Esophagus in This Animal is Voluntary as Far as the Base of Heart: Dog, Cat
Esophagus in This Animal is Easily Dilatable and Voluntary Throughout: Horse
Esophagus in This Animal is Voluntary Till Last Few Inches Near Cardia: Ruminants (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats)
Esophagus in This Animal is Voluntary Throughout: Dog
Constricted Mucous Glands at Ventral Aspect of Dog Esophagus: Glands of Lushka
Parts of Ruminant Stomach (and Other Terms): Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum
Compartments of Proventriculi in Ruminant’s Stomach: No true proventriculus in ruminants (they have four stomach compartments)
Lining Epithelium of Proventriculi: Simple columnar epithelium
The Atrium Ventriculi of Stomach is Situated at the Vertebral Extremities of What Ribs?: Ribs 7-9
Stomach Part in Ruminant that Occupies Most of the Left Half of Abdominal Cavity: Rumen
3 Variations in the Form of Mucus Mem of Rumen: Papillary, Smooth, and Convoluted mucosa
Anterior and Smallest of the Non-Glandular Stomach: Reticulum
Stomach Part in Ruminant in Which the Greater Part Lies on the Left Side: Rumen
Stomach Part in Ruminant that Lies Chiefly on the Right Side of the Midline: Omasum
Stomach Part in Ruminant Which is an Elongated Sac: Abomasum
Proper Order of the Spiral Course of Esophageal Groove: Reticulum → Omasum → Rumen
Animal with 70 Feet Small Intestine: Horse
Animal with Diverticulum Duodeni: Pig
Animal with 130 Feet Small Intestine: Elephant
Animal with 80 Feet Small Intestine: Horse
Animal with 60 Feet Small Intestine: Cow
Animal with 13 Feet Small Intestine: Dog
Length of Caecum in Horse: 1.2-1.5 meters
Length of Colon in Horse: 3 meters
Length of Small Colon in Horse: 2 meters
Number of Taenia and Haustra in Small Colon of Horse: 4 Taenia, 3 Haustra
Animal with Ampulla Recti: Dog
Parts of Colon in Ox and Sheep: Ascending, Transverse, Descending (Colon in ruminants)
Liver in This Animal Has No Gall Bladder: Horse, Deer, Camel
Liver in This Animal is Not Divided into Lobes: Horse
The Caudate Process of the Liver is Not Visible from Parietal Surface in This Animal: Dog
Parenchyma of the Liver Has Morocco Leather Appearance in This Animal: Ruminants (Cattle, Sheep)’
Parietal Surface of the Liver is Extremely Convex in This Animal: Horse
Pancreas in This Animal Has Dorsal and Ventral Ducts: Dog
Pancreas in This Animal is Quadrilateral Shape: Pig
In Pancreas of This Animal, Only Ventral Duct Persist: Dog
Pancreas in This Animal is Triradiate Shape: Horse
Spleen in This Animal is Triangular Shape: Pig
Spleen in This Animal is Elongated with Thin Rounded Extremities: Dog
Spleen in This Animal is Strap-like with Long Hilus: Horse
Spleen in This Animal is Falciform, Long and Narrow: Ruminants (Cattle, Sheep)
Soft Palate in This Animal is Long, Precluding Oral Breathing and Vomiting: Horse
Soft Palate in This Animal Has Bean-shaped Circumscribed Tonsil in Sinus: Dog
Soft Palate in This Animal Has Medial Prolongations Called Uvula: Humans
Soft Palate in This Animal Has Fusiform Tonsil in Sinus: Dog
Hard Palate in This Animal is Divided into 2 Portions by Central Raphe: Dog
Animal with Dental Pad and Rugae is Serrated: Ruminants (e.g., Cattle, Sheep)
Rugae of Hard Palate is Not Serrated in: Horses
Hard Palate in This Animal is Long and Narrow and Equal in Length Throughout: Horse
Hard Palate in This Animal is Widest About the 4th Cheek Tooth: Pig