Patterns of inheritance and Mendel's laws

What is heredity?

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next. 

What are genetics?

The scientific study of heredity. 

What were Gregor Mendel’s arguments in the 1860s? 

• Parents pass on their offspring discrete “heritable factors (genes) 

• Genre are responsible for inherited traits 

• Genes retain their individual identities generation after generation, no matter how they are mixed up or temporarily

What is a character?

A heritable feature that varies amont individuals, but a trait is a variant of a character. 

What are hybrids?

Offspring of two different purebred varieties. The cross fertilization itself is rerouted to as a genetic cross. The parental plants are the P generation and their offspring are the F1 generation the generation after that is the F2 generation. 

What is a monohybrid cross?

A monohybrid cross is when the scientist looks at one trait at a time. 

What is gene variance?

Mendel’s 4 Hypothesis 

1. There are alternative versions of genes tha account for variations in inherited characters. The alternative version of genes are called alleles 

2. For each inherited character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent. 

3. If two alleles of an inherited pair differ, then one determines the organism's appearance and is called the dominant allele, and the other has no noticeable effect on the organism’s appearance and is called the recessive allele. 

4. A sperm or egg carries only one allele for inherited character because the two allele for a character segregate (separate) from each other during the reproduction of gammets. 

What is the law of segregation? 

Phenotype is the physical appearence of an organism 

Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism 

What is a gene locus?

A specific location of a gene along a chromosome. 

What is a dihyrid cross?

The mating of parental varieties differing in two characters. 

What is the law of independent assortment? 

The law of segregation says that each pairof alleles segregates independeltly of the othe rpairs durring gamete formation. Thus, the inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another.  

What is tescross?

A mating between an individual of dominant phenotype (but unknown genotype) and a homozygous recessive individual. 

What are wild-type traits?

Traits that seem nost often in nature are not necessarily specified by dominant alleles. 

What is the rule of multiplication?

The probability of a compound event is the product of the separate probabilities of the independent events. 

What is a pedigree?

What are genetic disorders? 

Who would be considered a carrier?

Any individual who has the revesive allele but appears normal and carries the disorder.