macro molecules

Macro molecules = carbon based

• carbon atom is the basic atom of organic compound

• organic compound in living things 4

4 organic compounds

1. carbohydrates Ex. pizza bread pasta

2. protiens Ex. egg fish meat chicken

3. lipids Ex. oil butter cheese avocado

4. nucleic acid ( DNA and RNA)

small units are called monomer

large units are called polymer

monomers are connected to for polymers by using hydrogen bonds

• carbon atom has unique properties

  1. have 4 valence electrons can form up to 4 chemical bonds

     2. can form:

     1. straight c-c-c

        branched -c-c

        |

- c -

rings

3. bsic elements of organic compounds

basic elements for all living things 95%

1. carbohydrates -

2. hydrogen -

3. oxygen -

4. nitrogen

5. phosphorus

6. sulfur

carbohydrates

monomer = monosaccharide

polymer = polysaccharide

elements = C,H & O

use: provide energy for living things

cell wall in plant cell made up of cellulose

examples:

1. monosaccharide Ex: glucose

2. disaccharide Ex: sucrose maltose

3. polysaccharide Ex: in plants → cellulose in animal → glycogen

Lipids

elements= C,H & O

non polar

use: store energy and provide insulation, as well as serving as structural components of cell membranes.

lipids:

1. Fats: glycerol and 3 fatty acids saturated

   c-c-c-c

2. oils: unsaturated

c=c-c-c=c

lipids: fat/ oil/ wax hormones

protein

elements: C,H & O (N)

functions: enzymes ← biological catalysts/ speed up the rate opf chemical reaction

protein building up body structure

Ex: enzyme/ collagen/ homoglobin/ antibodies

→ monomer of protien amino acids link together by peptide bond

nucleic acid

DNA and RNA

monomer → nucleotide

function:

1. direct synthesis of protein

2. genetic code

nucliotide:

enzymes

1. protien

2. speed up the rate of chemical reaction

Enzyme: biologival catalyst