biology quiz 2.1 sg
Q: What are the 5 characteristics of all living things?
A: 1) Made of cells, 2) Use energy, 3) Respond to environment, 4) Grow and develop, 5) Reproduce.
Q: Give an example of a living thing using the 5 characteristics.
A: A dog—made of cells, eats food for energy, barks at strangers, grows, and reproduces.
Q: Give an example of a nonliving thing using the 5 characteristics.
A: A rock—does not grow, reproduce, or use energy.
Q: Why are the 5 characteristics not always accurate for classifying?
A: Some things (like viruses) show some traits of life but not all, so classification can be unclear.
Q: What is an atom?
A: The smallest unit of matter.
Q: What is an element?
A: A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
Q: What are electrons?
A: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.
Q: What is atomic number?
A: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Q: What is a molecule?
A: Two or more atoms bonded together.
Q: What is a covalent bond?
A: A chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons.
Q: Why is carbon the “backbone of life”?
A: Carbon can form 4 bonds, making chains, rings, and complex molecules.
Q: How is carbon versatile?
A: It can bond with many elements (H, O, N, P, S), form single, double, or triple bonds, and create diverse molecules.
Q: What are the 4 macromolecules of life?
A: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
Q: What is a monomer?
A: A small building block molecule.
Q: What is a polymer?
A: Many monomers joined together.
Q: What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
A: Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose).
Q: What is the monomer of proteins?
A: Amino acids.
Q: What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
A: Nucleotides.
Q: Do lipids have a monomer?
A: No, but they are made of glycerol + fatty acids.
Q: What are 4 examples of lipids?
A: Fats, oils, waxes, steroids.
Q: What is the function of carbohydrates?
A: Provide energy and structure.
Q: What is the function of lipids?
A: Store energy, insulate, and form cell membranes.
Q: What is the function of proteins?
A: Build body structures, speed up reactions (enzymes), transport molecules.
Q: What is the function of nucleic acids?
A: Store and transmit genetic information (DNA, RNA).
Q: What does the carbon backbone of carbohydrates look like?
A: Usually a carbon ring.
Q: What does the carbon backbone of lipids look like?
A: Long carbon chains.
Q: What does the carbon backbone of proteins look like?
A: A chain of amino acids with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur.
Q: What does the carbon backbone of nucleic acids look like?
A: A sugar (carbon ring) with a phosphate group and nitrogen base attached.