Hippocampus - transfer short term memory into long term memory
Amygdala - processing emotion and memory ; helps inform the hypothalamus about body’s emotional and stress states
Pons - ascending and descending tracts reflexive centers
Cerebellum - motor coordination., sending feedback to body to move, process sensory movement, balance, movement, proprioception, smooth and coordinated movement
Cerebrum – responsible for memory, emotion and consciousness
Cortices (Prefrontal, premotor, primary motor, primary sensory) - Prefrontal cortex - cognitive functions - decision making. Personality
premotor cortex - planning movements before carrying out
Primary motor - actual movement occurs; in frontal lobe
Primary sensory – touch, pain, and temperature
Thalamus - relay station for sensory and motor information between cerebral cortex and other parts of nervous system
Brainstem - helps with breathing and keeping heart beating
Sulci (Sulcus) – central sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus, lateral sulcus
Gyri (Gyrus) – Precentral gyrus where primary motor reflex is Postcentral gyrus- detects touch pressure, pain and temperature
Midbrain - middle region of the adult brain that develops from the mesencephalon
Medulla - responsible for controlling smooth and cardiac muscles of the cardiovascular system through autonomic pathways
Basal nuclei - nuclei of the cerebrum (with a few components in the upper brain stem and diencephalon) that are responsible for assessing cortical movement commands and comparing them with the general state of the individual through broad modulatory activity of dopamine neurons; largely related to motor functions, as evidenced through the symptoms of Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases
Blood-Brain Barrier – protects the brain and spinal cord from harmful substances
Meninges – Dura mater - outer surface of CNS covers entire nervous system and blood vessels
Arachnoid - middle surface of CNS cerebral spinal fluid sits here, houses structures that filters CSF back into the bloodstream. Helps circulation of CSF CSF cushion brain and spinal cord - made within choroid plexus.
Pia mater - innermost - surface of CNS
Ventricles - helps circulate CSF throughout CNS
Choroid plexus - CSF is made here
Hypothalamus - help with homeostasis, important for regulating endocrine system anterior and posterior pituitary gland involved with memory and emotion. Allows response to environment appropriately. ; helps both autonomic and endocrine systems and receives input from other forebrain areas like olfactory cortex, basal forebrains septal nuclei and amygdala