Ch4

Isotopes: An element with a different number of neutrons.

Carbon Dioxide Sources: Pie chart describing carbon dioxide % contributions by sector.

Carbon Cycle: Key components include atmosphere, oceans, plants, and animals.

Atomic Mass of Carbon: 12.011 (based on weighted average of isotopes).

Moles and Avogadro’s Number: 1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23 (molecules, atoms, etc.).

Molar Mass Calculations: Methods for calculating molar mass of carbon dioxide and methane (CH4).

Significant Figures: Importance for precision in scientific measurements.

Global Carbon Cycle: Overview of carbon reservoirs and their contributions.

Human-Related Carbon Sources: Breakdown by sectors: Residential/Commercial: 3%, Agriculture: 14%, Power/Heating Stations: 26%, Transportation: 13%, Industry: 19%, Deforestation: 17%.

Greenhouse Effect: Explanation of how greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

Greenhouse Gases: Gases that absorb infrared radiation; must have molecular vibrations that change electronic balance.

Molecular Response to Radiation: Infrared absorption and molecular vibrational changes.

VSEPR Theory: Predicting molecular shapes based on electron arrangement.

Global-Warming Data: Key indicators include sea level change, receding glaciers, ocean temperature changes, ocean chemistry changes.

Historical CO2 Data: Trends in global temperatures since 1880, and ice core analysis for historical climate data.

Causation or Correlation: Analyzing the relationship between human activity and climate changes.

Amplification of Greenhouse Effect: Role of CO2 in temperature increases and its attribution to human activity.

Mitigation Strategies: Promoting renewable energy, CO2 sequestration, and exploring cap-and-trade systems.