skin test

Adip/o- fat

Albin/o- white 

Caus/o- burn, burning 

Cauter/o- heat, burn 

Cutane/o- skin 

Derm/o- skin 

Diaphor/o- profuse sweating 

Erythemat/o- redness

Hidr/o- sweat

Ichthly/o- dry, scaly 

Kerat/o- hard

Leuk/o- white 

Lip/o- fat

Melan/o- black 

Myc/o- fungus 

Onych/o- nail

Phyt/o- plant

Pil/o- hair

Py/o- pus

Rhytid/o- wrinkle

Seb/o- sebum 

Squam/o- scale-like

Trich/o- hair

Ungu/o- nail

Xanth/o- yellow

Xer/o- dry

Abbreviations

ABCDE- asymmetry border color diameter evolution 

BCC- basal cell carcinoma

BX- biopsy 

DERM- dermatology 

DLE- discoid erythematosus

PPD- purified protein devirvative 

PUVA- psoralen- ultraviolet 

SCC- squamous cell carcinoma

SLE- systemic lupus erythematosus

SubQ- subcutaneous

Disorders

Alopecia- absence of hair from areas where it normally grows 

Alopecia Areata- an autoimmune disease in which hair falls out in patches without scarring or inflammation

Ecchymosis- bluish purple mark bruises on the skin 

Petechaiae- small pinpoint hemmorrhage 

Pruritus- itching

Acne- chronic papular & pustular eruption of skin with increased production of sebum 

Acne Vulgaris- caused by the buildip of sebum and keratin in the pores of the skin

Blackhead- also called open comedo is a partially blocked sebum plug

Whitehead- closed comedo/ forms if a pore is completely blocked 

Burns- 

First degree- superficial/ epidermis and redden

Second degree- partial thickness burn with blisters the burn goes into the dermis 

Third degree- thickness burn with epidermis and dermis are burned through with the subcutaneous layer being affected with charred skin 

Cellulitis- diffuse, acute, infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain and swelling

Exanthematous Viral disease- exanthem is an eruption of the skin or rash due to a viral infection, viral exanthem can be caused by several viral infections

Gangrene- death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply 

Exzema- inflammatory skin disease with erythamatous, papulovescular or papulosquamous lesions 

Impetigo- contagious pyoderma caused by inflammatory skin disease usually caused by staphylococci 

Psoriasis- chronic reccurent dematosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales 

Scabies- highly contagious, parasite infection of the skin with intesnse pruitus 

Scleroderma- chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue 

Systemic lupus erythematosuse (SLE)- chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, joints, and internal organs 

Tinea- infection of the skin caused by infection 

Tinea unguium- fungus affecting the nail bed 

Onycholysis- the fungus that causes the nail bed plate to turn yellow or white and move away from the nail bed

Tinea corporis- ringworm fungal infection which prevents itself as a ring pattern 

Tinea barbae- affecting the skin under beard 

Urticaria- hives- acute allergic reaction in which red, round, wheals develop of the skim 

Angioderm- swelling around the face and lips due to usually an allergic reaction 

Vitiligo- a form of leukoderma where the loss of pigment in the skin 

Callus- increase growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction 

Keloid- excessive hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgival incision 

Keratosis- thickened rough lesion of the epidermis, associated with aging or skin damage 

Actinic keratosis- percancerous 

Seborrheic Keratosis- benign lesion 

Leukoplakia- white, thicken patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek can turn cancerous 

Pleural Nevi-pigmented lesion of the skin also known as moles 

Dysplastic nevi- moles with atypical cells that could become cancerous 

Verruca- emipernal growth (wart) caused by a virus 

Verruca- common wart 

Plantar warts- occurs on the sole of the feet

Veneral warts- on the genitals 

Cancerous Lesion- basal cell carcinoma- malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis, usually on the nose caused by sun exposure 

Kaposi sarcoma- malignant vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules

Functions of the skin

1. Protective membrane over the entire skin to guard against excessive loss of water, salt form the body, heat and against pathogen that may try to invade body 

2.  The glands of the skin are another built in protection for the body. Sebum lubricates the surface of the skin. Sweat cools the body as it evaporates from the skin’s surface

3.  Under the skin the nerve fibers are the receptors to sensation such as pain, temperature, pressure and touch 

4.  Skin helps to maintain body temperature. The skin fibers cause blood nessels to constrict or dialate in order to help regulate the body temp

3 main layers of the skin

1. Epidermis- the outermost cellular membrane layer containing keratin 

• The epidermis is made up of the most squamous epithelium this covers the entire body both the internal and external surface

• Has multiple layers- basal layer is the farthest away from the surface 

2. Dermis- dense, fibrous connective tissue layers containing collagen 

• Contains connective tissue that helps the skin with extensibility and elasticity of the skin 

• elastin - interwoven protein that is elastic and help skin to return to its original position 

3. Subcutaneous- fat cells are mostly in the subcuaneous layer 

• Protect the deeper tissue of the body 

Hair- tightly composed hard protein called keratin, deep-lying cells in the hair root produces keratinized cells that moce up through the hair follicles 

Nails- harden keratin, grows 1mm per week. 

Structure of the nail 

Lunula- half-moon shaped at the base of the nail, which is whitish in color 

Cuticle- a narrow band of epidermis at the nail border

Paronychium- soft tissue surrounding the nail border

Glands

Sebaceous glands- covers over the entire body with the execution of the palms, soles and lips 

Sweat glands- tiny coiled glands found on the body 

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Vesicle- thin wall sac with fluid 

Nodule- small lumps 

Crust- dry serum