CIS105MidtermReview_Spr25

CENGAGE CIS 105 Midterm Study Guide

Spring Semester 2025

Copyright Information

Module 1: Impact of Digital TechnologyAuthors: Carey, Pinard, Shaffer, Shellman, VodnikNew Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage.All rights reserved. This content may not be scanned, copied, or posted publicly without permission.

History of Computers

1. First Generation:

   • Utilized vacuum tubes as the primary technology for circuitry, which limited size and efficiency.

2. Second Generation:

   • Transitioned from vacuum tubes to transistors, significantly improving performance, reducing size and heat generation.

3. 1960s:

   • Marked the introduction of integrated circuits, allowing more transistors to be placed on a single chip, enhancing computational power.

4. 1971:

   • The creation of the microprocessor, which is a compact integrated circuit designed to function as the CPU of a computer.

5. 1970s-1980s:

   • The personal computer (PC) gained widespread popularity, making computing accessible to individuals and small businesses.

Preparing for a Career in Technology

• Professional Online Presence:

  • Create an impactful resume detailing skills and experiences.

  • Proofread all material to avoid errors that can undermine professionalism.

  • Utilize professional social networks like LinkedIn to connect with industry peers and potential employers.

• Certifications:

  • Obtaining certifications in relevant software, hardware, and operating systems demonstrates a validated level of expertise.

  • Be prepared for both time commitments and financial investments when pursuing certifications.

The Web Overview

Module 2: Exploring the World of the Web

Web Browsing Terms (Part 2 of 3)

• Keep Track of Webpages:

  • Uniform Resource Locator (URL):

    • Composed of a protocol (such as HTTP), the server address, pathname, and file name that specifies the location of a webpage on the internet.

  • Web Server:

    • Identified by its IP address and domain name, crucial for retrieving web content.

Web Browsing Terms (Part 3 of 3)

• Navigate the Web:

  • Competent use of the address bar, clearing cache for faster browsing, understanding breadcrumbs that show the navigation trail, and using the navigation bar to access different sections of a website efficiently.

Top-Level Domains (TLDs)

• Purpose of a TLD:

  • Serves to define the area of use for websites, providing a quick identification of the type of organization or entity.

    • Examples include: .biz (business), .com (commercial), .edu (educational institutions), .gov (government), .org (non-profits), .mil (military), .net (network providers), .pro (licensed professionals).

Pros and Cons of Web Apps

• Pros:

  • Available from any device with internet access.

  • Incorporates collaborative tools facilitating real-time teamwork.

  • Stores data on the provider's server, ensuring accessibility.

  • Features automatic updates that keep applications current without user intervention.

• Cons:

  • Dependence on a stable internet connection; disruption can hinder access.

  • Increased vulnerability to security breaches as data is stored online.

  • Risk of file loss if the provider ceases operations.

  • Usually has fewer features compared to traditional installed apps, potentially limiting functionality.

Secure vs. Insecure Websites

• Secure Websites:

  • Implement encryption protocols (HTTPS) ensuring data privacy during transmission.

  • Utilize digital certificates to authenticate their legitimacy.

  • Include visual indicators such as lock icons, offering assurance before inputting sensitive information.

E-Commerce in Daily Life (Part 1 of 2)

• Types of E-Commerce Websites:

  1. Business-to-Consumer (B2C):

     • Involves direct sale of goods and services from businesses to the public, enhancing market accessibility.

  2. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C):

     • Facilitates transactions between consumers, such as sales through auction sites or peer-to-peer marketplaces.

  3. Business-to-Business (B2B):

     • Encompasses sales and services provided from one business to another, vital for supply chain operations.

E-Commerce in Personal Transactions

• B2C/E-Retail Features:

  • Electronic storefronts enable consumers to browse and purchase goods online.

  • Use of tracking technologies with cookies to tailor shopping experiences.

  • Secure payment options employing 3D Secure, TLS, and various online payment services to ensure transaction safety.