Lecture 23 v2

carbon capture notes

  • Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): A technology used to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced from the use of fossil fuels in electricity generation and store it underground to prevent it from entering the atmosphere.

  • Importance of Carbon Capture: Helps mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, supports the transition to cleaner energy sources, and can enhance oil recovery.

  1. Power and Energy

  2. Carbon Capture and Storage

  3. Wind and Solar Power Systems

  4. Nuclear Power Fundamentals

  5. Energy Storage Concepts

  6. Electrical Infrastructure

  7. Vehicle Physics

  8. Indoor Air Quality and its implications

Notable Example Problems

  • Example Problem (gCO2 to gC): Convert 50 g of CO2 to grams of C. Equals 13.64 g of C using molecular weights.

  • Example Problem (gC to gCO2): Convert 70 g of C to g of CO2. Ends in 256.67 g of CO2 calculated in steps.

  • Air Quality Concentration: Calculating concentration from outdoor to indoor air quality metrics.

Carbon Capture Methodologies and Energy Production

  • Post-Combustion Capture: Run exhaust through scrubbers to capture CO2.

  • Pre-Combustion Capture: Convert fuel to hydrogen gas (H2) and combust H2.

  • Direct Air Capture (DAC) from atmosphere raises expenses and efficiency concerns.

Wind Power Fundamentals

  • Overview of Wind Power Concepts

  • Equations: Incorporating area, wind density, efficiency, and wind speed to calculate power output.

Solar Power Mechanisms

  • Solar Panel Functionality: n-type and p-type silicon interaction and photon energy conversion.

  • Efficiency Issues: Consider impacting variables like temperature and light conditions.

Energy Storage Strategies

  1. Pumped Hydro: Key metrics involve gravitational potential energy.

  2. Flywheels: Quick response time, moderate storage capacities.

  3. Li-ion Batteries: Explain charging and discharging mechanisms.

  4. Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Future outlook on energy efficiencies and challenges.

Indoor Air Quality Analysis

  • Pollutant Measurement: Using flow rates and concentration definitions for quality assessment.

  • Example Problem (Air Filters): Analysis of filter efficacy with specifics on removal rates of particulates like PM2.5.