Chapter_5_The_Production_Process_-_Preproduction

Chapter 5: The Production Process - Preproduction

Overview of Production Process

• Preproduction phase is crucial for setting the ground for a successful video production.

• Key components of preproduction:

  • Scriptwriting

  • Storyboarding

  • All necessary production details

Scriptwriting

Topic 1: Importance of Planning

• Planning is critical in serious production; the script is the foundation of that plan.

• Functions of a script:

  • Clarifies ideas for the director.

  • Coordinates the production team.

  • Assists in resource assessment for the production.

Topic 2: Script Development

• The script generally initiates productions like dramas.

• Process involves:

  • Director reads the draft that includes character info, locations, and stage directions.

  • Visualization of scenes and assessment of treatment.

  • Anticipation of potential problems and modifications to enhance practicality.

  • Preparation of a camera treatment follows.

Topic 3: Outlining the Script

• An outline can serve as a beginning point—setting topics and time allocations.

• Develop script derived from this outline with camera treatment decisions for each segment.

Topic 4: Script Formats

Single-Column Format

• Variations exist, but typically contains all video/audio in one column.

• Introduction before each scene describes location and action; left-hand margin for reminders and cues.

• Common in narrative film-style productions and single-camera setups.

• Less effective in multicamera settings due to the dispersal of the production team.

Two-Column Format

• Traditional television script format providing detailed shot-by-shot info.

• Flexibility allows crew to add specific details as required.

• Can produce rehearsal scripts (right column only) followed by camera scripts after planning and rehearsals.

Topic 5: Full Script Details

• Fully scripted productions include:

  • Scenes and shots, with detailed sequence designation.

  • Entire dialog preparations, with various methods for talent to access dialog (teleprompters, cue cards).

  • Specification of camera equipment used for each shot.

  • Basic camera instructions for shot execution and switcher directives.

  • Contributions from additional sources such as videotapes and graphics.

Topic 6: Script Elements

Scene and Shot Information

• Scenes: Identify continuous action sequences with numbers and locations.

• Shots: Determine viewpoints and number them for easy reference.

Action Blocks and Dialogue

• Action Blocks: Describe ongoing scene actions in present tense with character involvement.

• Character Cues: Indicate who is speaking (uppercase format).

• Dialogue: Covers spoken content with considerations for strains (Offscreen O.S. and Voice Over V.O. indications).

Topic 7: Ending and Formats of Scripts

• To conclude a screenplay, use FADE OUT and THE END indications.

• Shooting Script: Variable in detail to inform cast/crew about takes' duration and character involvement.

Storyboarding

Topic 1: The Process of Storyboarding

• Producing sketches of each shot described in the script.

• Initial rough sketches progressing to detailed storyboards with panels.

Topic 2: Final Production Storyboards

• Include:

  • Estimated time for each scene.

  • Movement and transitions between scenes.

  • Camera angles and special effects descriptions.

  • Audio details, including narration and dialog.

Topic 3: Benefits of Storyboarding

• Essential for:

  • Brainstorming and visualizing the finished production.

  • Effective resource allocation during filming.

  • Streamlining the editing process.

  • Ensuring team alignment throughout the filming process.

All Necessary Production Details

Topic 1: Budgeting

• Producer’s role in calculating production costs, dividing the budget across various stages: preproduction, production, and postproduction.

Topic 2: Crew Assembly

• Team comprises workers responsible for production facilitation; separate from performing roles.

• Crew responsibilities include:

  • Casting the appropriate actors.

  • Location scouting for filming settings.

  • Designing or acquiring costumes for the actors.

Topic 3: Design and Scheduling

• Set design involves creating physical environments for shooting.

• Props are the necessary tools and objects featured in the production.

• Scheduling encompasses coordinating all production aspects.

References

• Video Production Handbook by Gerald Millerson and Jim Owens.

• Additional materials provided.