Pyuria= pus in the urine

Oliguria= decrease in urine output

Diuretics= medication that increases fluid removal from the body(increases urine)

Uremia=high levels of waste products in blood, a toxic condition, when kidneys fail there is a high level of urea in the blood

Cystoscopy views the inside of the urethra and bladder with a lighted scope

Hydronephrosis= collection of urine in the renal pelvis due to an obstruction (dilates and distends kidney pelvis)

CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis)=self-dialysis that does not use a machine

Neurogenic bladder= dysfunction of bladder due to injury to the nervous system supplying the bladder or urinary tract

Polycystic disease=slow, progressive disease that causes massive enlargement of both kidneys (multiple grape- like cysts). Affects teens and young adults and usually leads to renal failure in 30s-40s

Adenocarcinoma (cancer) of the kidney requires a nephrectomy

Signs/symptoms of a UTI: Dysuria, flank pain, urinary frequency & urgency,hematuria , low back pain

Interstitial cystitis=chronic nonbacterial cystitis due to inflammation of the bladder lining

Behavioral treatments for urinary incontinence include: Double voiding,scheduled toileting , bladder training, fluid restriction and accessory muscle exercise

Urinary incontinence is most common urinary system problem in older adults

Calculi can form in the urinary bladder as well as the kidneys

Renal calculi= kidney stones