Unit 4 EOC

Here’s a clear set of definitions for the terms you listed:

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Foreign Policy & Diplomacy

    •    Acquisition Alliance – An agreement between nations (or companies) to acquire territory or resources together for mutual benefit. In history, this often referred to alliances formed to expand power or influence.

    •    Anti-Imperialist League – An American group formed in 1898 that opposed the annexation of the Philippines and U.S. imperialism, arguing it violated democratic principles.

    •    Big Stick Diplomacy – Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy motto: “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” It meant negotiating peacefully but backing it up with strong military force.

    •    Dollar Diplomacy – William Howard Taft’s foreign policy of using U.S. financial power to extend influence abroad by investing in foreign economies.

    •    Expansionism – The policy of extending a nation’s territory, influence, or power beyond its borders.

    •    Imperialism – A stronger nation taking control of weaker territories for political, economic, or military gain.

    •    Interventionism – Policy of interfering in the affairs of other nations, often through military force, to influence outcomes.

    •    Isolationism – Policy of avoiding involvement in other nations’ political or military affairs.

    •    Jingoism – Extreme nationalism marked by aggressive foreign policy and a willingness to use force.

    •    Moral Diplomacy – Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy of supporting nations with democratic governments and opposing oppressive or undemocratic regimes.

    •    Nationalism – Intense pride, loyalty, and devotion to one’s nation, sometimes leading to rivalry or conflict.

    •    Neutrality – Policy of not taking sides in a conflict between other nations.

    •    Open Door Policy – U.S. policy (1899–1900) that called for equal trading rights for all nations in China and protection of China’s sovereignty.

    •    Panama Canal – A man-made waterway across Panama, completed in 1914, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; built under Roosevelt’s influence.

    •    Protectorate – A weaker territory controlled and protected by a stronger nation.

    •    Roosevelt Corollary – An addition to the Monroe Doctrine (1904) where the U.S. claimed the right to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability.

    •    Spheres of Influence – Areas where foreign powers claim exclusive rights to trade and influence, especially in China during the late 1800s.

    •    Wilson’s Fourteen Points – Woodrow Wilson’s 1918 plan for post–World War I peace, including self-determination, free trade, and the creation of the League of Nations.

    •    Yellow Journalism – Exaggerated or sensationalized news reporting used to attract readers and stir public opinion, especially before the Spanish-American War.

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Military Events & Concepts

    •    American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) – The U.S. military forces sent to Europe during World War I under General John J. Pershing.

    •    Battle of Argonne Forest – A major WWI battle (1918) where American and Allied forces broke through German lines, leading to the end of the war.

    •    Blockade – The use of naval forces to prevent trade, supplies, or communication from reaching an enemy.

    •    Casualties – People who are killed, wounded, missing, or captured during a war or battle.

    •    Congressional Medal of Honor – The highest U.S. military award for bravery in combat.

    •    League of Nations – An international peacekeeping organization created after WWI (part of Wilson’s Fourteen Points); the U.S. never joined.

    •    Lusitania – A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing Americans and pushing the U.S. closer to WWI.

    •    Militarism – Glorification of military power and readiness for war; one of the main causes of WWI.

    •    Propaganda – Biased or misleading information spread to influence public opinion, often used during wars.

    •    Reparations – Payments made by a defeated nation to compensate for war damages (Germany had to pay after WWI).

    •    Stalemate – A situation in war where neither side can gain an advantage, common in WWI trench warfare.

    •    Treaty of Versailles – The 1919 treaty that officially ended WWI, placed heavy blame and reparations on Germany, and redrew European borders.

    •    Trench Warfare – A form of warfare where opposing armies fight from long dug-out trenches, leading to stalemates and high casualties in WWI.

    •    U-boats – German submarines used in unrestricted submarine warfare during WWI.

    •    Unrestricted Submarine Warfare – German naval policy of sinking all ships (including civilian and neutral) in enemy waters without warning.

    •    U.S.S. Maine – An American battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898; blamed on Spain, sparking the Spanish-American War.

    •    Zimmerman Telegram – A secret German message to Mexico in 1917 proposing a military alliance against the U.S.; intercepted and helped push the U.S. into WWI.

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Would you like me to format these into a study chart (categories, short definitions, cause/effect) so they’re easier to memorize for class?