Chem Final Notes

CHEM FINAL: WHAT TO KNOW

• What is the ammonium formula?
  • NH4
• What is the charge of the ammonium ion?
  • +1
• What is the ammonia formula?
  • NH3
• What is the acetate formula?
  • CH3CO2
• What is the charge of the acetate ion?
  • -1
• What is the carbonate formula?
  • CO3
• What is the charge of the carbonate ion?
  • 2-
• What is the cyanide formula?
  • CN
• What is the charge on the cyanide ion?
  • -1
• What is the hydroxide formula?
  • OH
• What is the charge of the hydroxide ion?
  • -1
• What is the bromate formula?
  • BrO3
• What is the charge of the bromate ion?
  • -1
• What is the hydronium formula?
  • H3O
• What is the charge of the hydronium ion?
  • +1
• What is the nitrate formula?
  • NO3
• What is the charge of the nitrate ion?
  • -1
• What is the nitrite formula?
  • NO2
• What is the charge of the nitrite ion?
  • -1
• What is the sulfate formula?
  • SO4
• What is the charge of the sulfate ion?
  • 2-
• What is the sulfite formula?
  • SO3
• What is the charge of the sulfite ion?
  • 2-
• What is the phosphite formula?
  • PO3
• What is the charge of the phosphite ion?
  • 3-
• What is the peroxide formula?
  • O2
• What is the charge of the peroxide ion?
  • 2-
• What is the chromate formula?
  • CrO4
• What is the charge of the chromate ion?
  • 2-
• What is the phosphate formula?
  • PO4
• What is the charge of the phosphate ion?
  • 3-
• What is the perchlorate formula?
  • ClO4
• What is the charge of the perchlorate ion?
  • -1
• What is the chlorate formula?
  • ClO3
• What is the charge of the chlorate ion?
  • -1
• What is the chlorite formula?
  • ClO2
• What is the charge of the chlorite ion?
  • -1
• What is the dichromate formula?
  • Cr2O7
• What is the charge of the dichromate ion?
  • 2-
• What is the hydrogen carbonate formula?
  • HCO3
• What is the charge of the hydrogen carbonate ion?
  • -1
• What is the permanganate formula?
  • KMnO4
• What is the charge of the permanganate ion?
  • -1
• What is the iodate formula?
  • IO3
• What is the charge of the iodate ion?
  • -1
• What is the hypobromite formula?
  • BrO
• What is the charge of the hypobromite ion?
  • -1
• How many grams are in a kilogram?
  • 1000
• How many decigrams in a gram?
  • 10
• How many centigrams are in a gram?
  • 100
• How many milligrams are in a gram?
  • 1000
• How many micrograms are in a gram?
  • 1,000,000
• How many nanograms are in a gram?
  • 1,000,000,000
• How many grams in a gigagram?
  • 1,000,000,000,000
• How many grams in a tetragram?
  • 1,000,000,000,000,000
• Tetragram symbol?
  • Tg
• Gigagram symbol?
  • Gg
• Kilogram symbol?
  • kg
• Centigram symbol?
  • cg
• Decigram symbol?
  • dg
• Milligram symbol?
  • mg
• Microgram symbol?
  • g
• Nanogram symbol?
  • ng
• What is the bass unit for mass?
  • kg
• What is the bass unit for length?
  • m
• What is the base unit for time?
  • s
• What is the base unit for temperature?
  • K
• What is the conversion for inches to centimeters?
  • 1 in = 2.54 cm
• What is the conversion for milliliters to cubic centimeters?
  • 1 mL = 1
• Are trailing zeros after a decimal point significant figures?
  • yes
• Are leading zeros significant figures?
  • no
• What is the electron geometry if there are 2 electron groups?
  • linear
• What is the molecular shape if there are 2 electron & 2 bonding groups?
  • linear
• What is the electron geometry if there are 3 electron groups?
  • Trigonal planar
• What is the molecular shape if there are 3 electron & 3 bonding groups?
  • Trigonal planar
• What is the molecular shape if there are 3 electron & 2 bonding groups?
  • bent
• What is the electron geometry if there are 4 electron groups?
  • tetrahedral
• What is the molecular shape if there are 4 electron & 4 bonding groups?
  • tetrahedral
• What is the molecular shape if there are 4 electron & 3 bonding groups?
  • Trigonal pyramidal
• What is the molecular shape if there are 3 electron & 2 bonding groups?
  • bent
• What is the bond angle for 2 electron & 2 bonding groups?
  • 180
• What is the bond angle for 3 electron & 2 bonding groups?
  • 120
• What is the bond angle for 3 electron & 3 bonding groups?
  • 120
• What is the bond angle for 4 electron & 4 bonding groups?
  • 109.5
• What is the bond angle for 4 electron & 3 bonding groups?
  • 109.5
• What is the bond angle for 4 electron & 2 bonding groups?
  • 109.5
• How does electronegativity increase on the periodic table?
  • By going up & towards the right
• How does atomic size increase on the periodic table?
  • By going down & to the left
• How does metallic character increase on the periodic table?
  • By going down & to the left
• How does ionization energy increase on the periodic table?
  • By going up & towards the right
• What makes a molecule nonpolar?
  • Symmetric molecules, no unshared electrons
• What makes a molecule polar?
  • Asymmetric, containing lone pairs on a central atom/different electronegativities bonded
• What is the standard temperature in ideal gas equations?
  • 298 K
• What is kinetic molecular theory?
  • Gas particles are in constant, random motion, do not interact, particle volume is very small compared to container volume, kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to temperature
• What is Boyle's law?
  • Pressure increases, volume decreases
• What is Charles’ law?
  • Volume increases, temperature decreases
• How can Boyle’s & Charles’ laws be combined?
  • Increase in pressure equals a decrease in volume and temperature
• What are electrolytes?
  • Substances that conduct electric current because of dissociating into IONS in solution
• What is a bronsted-lowry base?
  • Acid that accepts a proton
• What is a bronsted-lowry acid?
  • Acid that donates a proton
• What is the mass percentage equation?
• What is an acid-base reaction?
  • Reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt
• What is a redox reaction?
  • Reaction where one reactant loses electrons and the other reactant gains electrons
• What is a precipitation reaction?
  • Reaction where a precipitate forms
• What is a conjugate acid?
  • Leftovers of the bronsted base
• What is a conjugate base?
  • Leftovers of the bronsted acid
• Is HCl a strong or weak acid?
  • Strong acid
• Is HBr a strong or weak acid?
  • Strong acid
• Is HI a strong or weak acid?
  • Strong acid
• Is HNO3 a strong or weak acid?
  • Strong acid
• Is HClO3 a strong or weak acid?
  • Strong acid
• Is HClO4 a strong or weak acid?
  • Strong acid
• Is H2SO4 a strong or weak acid?
  • Strong acid
• Is HF a strong or weak acid?
  • Weak acid
• Is HNO2 a strong or weak acid?
  • Weak acid
• Is HCOOH a strong or weak acid?
  • Weak acid
• Is C6H5COOH a strong or weak acid?
  • Weak acid
• Is CH3COOH a strong or weak acid?
  • Weak acid
• Is LiOH a strong or weak base?
  • Strong base
• Is NaOH a strong or weak base?
  • Strong base
• Is KOH a strong or weak base?
  • Strong base
• Is RbOH a strong or weak base?
  • Strong base
• Is C3OH a strong or weak base?
  • Strong base
• Is Ca(OH)2 a strong or weak base?
  • Strong base
• Is Sr(OH)2 a strong or weak base?
  • Strong base
• Is Ba(OH)2 a strong or weak base?
  • Strong base
• Is C2H5NH2 a strong or weak base?
  • Weak base
• Is CH3NH2 a strong or weak base?
  • Weak base
• Is NH3 a strong or weak base?
  • Weak base
• Is C5H5N a strong or weak base?
  • Weak base
• Is C6H5NH2 a strong or weak base?
  • Weak base
• Is C2H7N a strong or weak base?
  • Weak base
• When the alpha particle is a reactant, is the other reactant gaining or losing neutrons/protons?
  • Gaining neutrons/protons
• When the alpha particle is a product, is the other product gaining or losing neutrons/protons?
  • Losing neutrons/protons
• When the beta particle is a reactant, is the other reactant gaining or losing protons?
  • Losing protons
• When the beta particle is a product, is the other product gaining or losing protons?
  • Gaining protons
• Where do fusion reactions commonly occur?
  • sun/stars
• Where do fission reactions commonly occur?
  • Nuclear reactors
• What is alpha decay?
  • Reaction where an unstable nucleus emits a small particle
• What is beta decay?
  • Reaction where an unstable emits electrons
• What is gamma radiation?
  • Reaction that releases electromagnetic energy
• Which type of nuclear reaction has the highest ionizing power?
  • Alpha
• Which type of nuclear reaction has the highest penetrating power?
  • Gamma

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