HIV Exposure

HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

What is PEP?

• Definition: Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is an emergency treatment provided to individuals who have been exposed to HIV to reduce the risk of infection.

• Effectiveness: PEP is most effective when administered as soon as possible following a potential exposure to HIV.

• Administration:

  • Uses antiretroviral (ARV) medication to prevent HIV.

  • Must be commenced within 72 hours of suspected exposure.

  • Intended only for individuals who are HIV-negative or do not know their status.

  • Treatment duration is 28 days.

Who Should Take PEP?

• Recommended for anyone possibly exposed to HIV through:

  • Contact with blood or body fluids.

  • Sexual intercourse.

  • Occupational exposure (healthcare workers).

• Special consideration: Only advised for HIV-negative individuals.

Safety of PEP

• General Safety: PEP is safe for HIV prevention.

• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Can be taken without harm to the mother or the baby during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Use of Antiretrovirals (ARVs)

• Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): ARVs taken before potential exposure to HIV.

• Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): ARVs taken within 72 hours after exposure to HIV.

• Antiretroviral Treatment (ART): Used to treat HIV-positive individuals, reducing HIV levels in their bodies.

Getting Started on PEP

1. Visit the clinic immediately if:

   • You had unprotected sex.

   • You were exposed to body fluids from someone who may be HIV-positive.

2. Inform the clinic staff that you need urgent assistance.

3. PEP administration requires exposure within the past 72 hours.

4. If reporting within the timeframe, you will receive your first PEP dose.

5. Mandatory testing to confirm HIV-negative status prior to PEP initiation.

6. If HIV-negative, the nurse assesses PEP necessity.

7. Prescription for 28 days of PEP will be provided.

How to Take PEP

• Duration: Medication must be taken for 28 days.

• Adherence: Attempt to take PEP at the same time daily.

  • If you miss a dose, take it as soon as remembered; do not skip or double doses.

• Condom Use: Continued use of condoms is essential while on PEP.

• Side Effects: Some individuals may experience:

  • Nausea

  • Diarrhea

  • Headaches

  • Note: If adverse effects occur, continue medication and seek medical advice at the clinic.

Follow-Up Care

• Return to the clinic:

  • After 4 weeks for an HIV test.

  • Again in 12 weeks for additional testing (if necessary).

• Purpose of follow-up: Ensure PEP effectiveness and check HIV status.

Prevention Strategies

• Discussion about PrEP and condom use is recommended for those at risk of future exposure to HIV.