IPC C1 Study Guide

🧭 IPC Study Guide: Motion, Forces, and Momentum

🔹 Section 1: Motion (IPC.5A)

🧠 Key Concepts:

• Position: Where an object is located.

• Velocity: Speed with direction.

• Acceleration: Change in velocity over time.

• Graphs:

  • Position-Time Graph: Slope = velocity.

  • Velocity-Time Graph: Slope = acceleration.

📘 Practice Skills:

• Interpret motion graphs.

• Calculate velocity and acceleration.

• Describe motion types (constant, accelerating, decelerating).

📝 Practice Questions:

1. A car moves 100 meters in 5 seconds. What is its average velocity?

2. A position-time graph shows a straight diagonal line. What does this indicate about the object’s motion?

3. An object’s velocity changes from 10 m/s to 30 m/s in 4 seconds. What is its acceleration?

🔹 Section 2: Forces and Newton’s Laws (IPC.5B)

🧠 Key Concepts:

• Newton’s Second Law: F=ma 

• Net Force: Total force acting on an object, considering direction.

• Balanced vs. Unbalanced Forces:

  • Balanced: No change in motion.

  • Unbalanced: Causes acceleration.

📘 Practice Skills:

• Draw and analyze force diagrams.

• Calculate net force and acceleration.

• Understand how mass affects motion.

📝 Practice Questions:

1. A 2 kg object accelerates at 3 m/s². What is the net force acting on it?

2. A box is pushed with 50 N to the right and experiences 20 N of friction to the left. What is the net force?

3. If two objects experience the same force but have different masses, which one accelerates more?

🔹 Section 3: Momentum and Impulse (IPC.5C)

🧠 Key Concepts:

• Momentum: p=mv (mass × velocity)

• Impulse: Change in momentum due to force over time.

• Collision Safety: Increasing time of impact reduces force.

📘 Practice Skills:

• Calculate momentum and impulse.

• Compare momentum between objects.

• Apply concepts to real-world safety designs.

📝 Practice Questions:

1. What is the momentum of a 10 kg object moving at 5 m/s?

2. How does increasing the time of impact (e.g., using airbags) reduce the force in a collision?

3. Two vehicles have different masses and velocities. How can they have the same momentum?

• Velocity-Time Graph: Slope = acceleration.

📘 Practice Skills:

• Interpret motion graphs.

• Calculate velocity and acceleration.

• Describe motion types (constant, accelerating, decelerating).

📝 Practice Questions:

1. A car moves 100 meters in 5 seconds. What is its average velocity?

2. A position-time graph shows a straight diagonal line. What does this indicate about the object’s motion?

3. An object’s velocity changes from 10 m/s to 30 m/s in 4 seconds. What is its acceleration?

🔹 Section 2: Forces and Newton’s Laws (IPC.5B)

🧠 Key Concepts:

• Newton’s Second Law: F=ma 

• Net Force: Total force acting on an object, considering direction.

• Balanced vs. Unbalanced Forces:

  • Balanced: No change in motion.

  • Unbalanced: Causes acceleration.

📘 Practice Skills:

• Draw and analyze force diagrams.

• Calculate net force and acceleration.

• Understand how mass affects motion.

📝 Practice Questions:

1. A 2 kg object accelerates at 3 m/s². What is the net force acting on it?

2. A box is pushed with 50 N to the right and experiences 20 N of friction to the left. What is the net force?

3. If two objects experience the same force but have different masses, which one accelerates more?

🔹 Section 4: Four Fundamental Forces

🧠 Key Concepts:

• Strong Nuclear Force: The force that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom, overcoming the electromagnetic repulsion between positively charged protons.

• Electromagnetism: The force that deals with electrically charged particles, both positive and negative. It can either attract or repel.

• Weak Nuclear Force: The force that holds quarks together in a neutron. It creates radioactive decay, turning isotopes to stable atoms.

• Gravitational: The attractive force that increases with mass and decreases by distance.

📘 Practice Skills:

• Rank each one from strongest to lowest.

• Describe what each one does.

• Give examples in real-world examples.