Science 7-1
Science is a logical way of thinking about the world
Scientists use observations about the world around them to make inferences
Observation: Something we notice using our senses and lab instruments
Inference: a logical guess based on observation
Variable: Something that is subject to change or manipulation
independent variable: a variable that is intentionally changed or controlled in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.
Dependent variable: Changed and measured during the experiment
Control Groups: not changed or experimented on, as a means of comparison
Constant variables: variables that remain unchanged
Scientific Method steps:
State the problem or question based on observations
Form a hypothesis
Test the hypothesis by making an experiment
Collect and analyze data
Draw conclusions
Share information with others
Length: A measure of how long an item is, measured in meters
Mass: The amount of material a substance contains, measured in grams
Temperature: The degree or intensity of heat present in a substance, measured in degrees Celsius
Volume: The amount of space an object takes up, measured in liters or cubic centimenters
Graduated cylinder: Primary measuring tool for finding the volume of a liquid, more accurate than beakers
Meniscus: The curve formed at the top of the liquid, always take the measurement at the lowest part
Beaker: great for mixing, stirring, and heating chemicals, not very accurate for finding volume
Erlenmeyer Flask: Great for mixing, heating, stirring and swirling, can put a stopper for shaking, more accurate than a beaker
Funnel: For funneling liquids from one container to another, Can also be used for filtering if filter paper is added
Hot Plate: Used as a source of heat when an open flame is not desirable
Stirring Rod: A glass rod for mixing both solids and liquids
Test tube: Good for holding small samples or containing small reactions
Test tube holder: For holding test tubes when they should not be touched
Digital balance: Used to determine the mass of a substance, It is important to zero or tare the balance first(this resets the balance to zero), check your units on the balance too
Mortar and pestle: Used for grinding and mixing substances, particularly solids into powders or pastes.
Forceps: Used to grab small things, like solid chemicals that are broken into chunks
Scoopula: Spatula like tool used to scoop up and move solids, such as powders
Pipette: For measuring and moving small amounts of liquid
Direct relationship: when one increases, the other increases
Inverse relationship: when one increases, the other decreases
A line graph needs a title, a labeled x axis, a labeled y axis, and a legend/key
Line graph: Often used to display continuous information, can be useful in predicting future events when they shows trends over time
Bar graph: Used to display categories of data, compare data using solid bars to represent unique quantities
Pie graph: Used to show a relationship of the parts to a whole, percents are used to show how much of the whole that each category occupies
skibidi bop bop: yes yes